BACKGROUND This was a prospective observational study designed to evaluate direct and indirect costs and quality of life for patients with Crohn's disease in Italy from the perspectives of the National Health System and of society. METHODS A total of 162 male and female subjects aged 18-70 years with Crohn's disease in the active phase and a Crohn's Disease Activity Index score ≥150 were incl...

This paper examines how trade costs induced by geographic distance or bilateral tariffs impact the markups of exports differentiated quality. It relies on a data set that combines Argentinean firm-level wine with experts’ ratings as measure Exporters price discriminate across destinations raising in more distant markets, and lowering them high-tariff countries. However, response to changes is h...

Today most organizations run their daily operations using data at their disposal. However, a vast majority of the organizations do not have adequate process and tools to maintain high quality operational data at all times. One of the key reasons for this is the lack of appreciation of the damages that low quality data can bring to an organization, and the cost of ensuring high quality of data. ...

There is a causal relationship between high-quality cost systems and pricing decision makers because pricing decision is in dire need of modern systems that help make rational decisions. The aim of this research is to confirm that quality cost systems affect pricing decisions-making in maintaining the industrial companies. The research results can be utilized by beneficiaries taking into accoun...