BACKGROUND Choosing an appropriate accounting system for hospital has always been a challenge for hospital managers. Traditional cost system (TCS) causes cost distortions in hospital. Activity-based costing (ABC) method is a new and more effective cost system. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare ABC with TCS method in calculating the unit cost of medical services and to assess its applicabi...

4 Agnieszka Dudkiewicz*1, 2, Stephan Wagner3, Angela Lehner4, Qasim Chaudhry1, Stéphane 5 Pietravalle1, Karen Tiede1, Alistair B.A. Boxall2, Guenter Allmaier4, Dirk Tiede5, Ringo Grombe6 6 Frank von der Kammer3, Thilo Hofman3 and Kristian Mølhave7 7 1The Food and Environment Research Agency, Sand Hutton, York Y041 1LZ, UK. 8 2The University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK. 9 3Department...

Muhammad Qasim 1, Zafar Hayat Khan 2, Ilyas Khan 3 and Qasem M. Al-Mdallal 4,* 1 Department of Mathematics, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; [email protected] 2 Department of Mathematics, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunktwo 18800, Pakistan; [email protected] 3 Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Colle...

| Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a major infectious disease among cattle, other farm animals, and human population. It results from infection ofMycobacterium bovis.A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1000clinically suspected bovine animals (435 cows and 565 buffaloes) of smallholder dairy farms in five towns i.e., Bin Qasim, Gaddap, New Karachi, Korangi and Super highway of Karachi, Pakistan...

We thank all the patients who took part in the study, colleagues within the Sarah Cannon Research Institute UK site who cared for these patients, and Bartley O’Connor of Sqeeler Limited for the IT platform used during this pilot study. We also thank David Peters of Sequoia Medical Communications Ltd, who provided medical writing assistance funded by AstraZeneca, and colleagues within the AstraZ...

With great interest we read the article of Kashani and colleagues “Intra-articular lidocaine versus intravenous sedative and analgesic for reduction of anterior shoulder dislocation”.1 This article that has been recently published in your journal describes the interesting results of a randomized controlled trial that compared intraarticular lidocaine with intravenous sedation for the treatment ...