musa¦ ibn `oqba is one of the biographers who, along with ibn isha¦q, has a significant contribution to the recording of the prophet's life style (sira) and the early battles led by him. however, his book of the accounts of the prophet's early battles (maqa¦zi) was badly damaged with the passage of time and the reasons have not been so clear uptonow. due to its antiquity, the book was...

The outcome of battles between competing interface formats shapes technology fields and implies success or failure for the companies involved. Recently, this journal published a paper, which proposes a new framework of factors that impact the outcome of such battles. We apply this framework to three format battles: for wired connectivity in home applications, for wireless connectivity in home a...

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau...