background: an epidemiological study was carried out on the vector(s) and reservoir(s) of cutaneous leishmaniasis in rural areas of kalaleh district, golestan province during 2006 - 2007. methods: totally 4900 sand flies were collected using sticky papers and were subjected to molecular methods for de­tection of leishmanial parasite. results: phlebotomus papatasi was the common species in outdo...

there is growing evidence that lectin-carbohydrate interactions can mediate the infection of parasites to their insect vector. many insect species are host or vectors of protozoan or metazoan parasites that cause socially and economically important disease such as malaria and leishmaniasis. however, relatively little work has been undertaken concerning the interaction of insect immunity against...

the notion of generalized locally bounded $i$-topological vectorspaces is introduced. some of their important properties arestudied. the relationship between this kind of spaces and thelocally bounded $i$-topological vector spaces introduced by wu andfang [boundedness and locally bounded fuzzy topological vectorspaces, fuzzy math. 5 (4) (1985) 87$-$94] is discussed. moreover, wealso use the fam...

In this paper, some properties of  pseudoinvex functions, defined by means of  limiting subdifferential, are discussed. Furthermore, the Minty vector variational-like inequality,  the Stampacchia vector variational-like inequality, and the  weak formulations of these two inequalities  defined by means of limiting subdifferential are studied. Moreover, some relationships  between the vector vari...

We call a local vector lattice any vector lattice with a distinguished positive strong unit and having exactly one maximal ideal (its radical). We provide a short study of local vector lattices. In this regards, some characterizations of local vector lattices are given. For instance, we prove that a vector lattice with a distinguished strong unit is local if and only if it is clean with non no-...

In this work we deal with actions of vector groupoid which is a new concept in the literature‎. ‎After we give the definition of the action of a vector groupoid on a vector space‎, ‎we obtain some results related to actions of vector groupoids‎. ‎We also apply some characterizations of the category and groupoid theory to vector groupoids‎. ‎As the second part of the work‎, ‎we define the notion...

a‎s we know, developing mathematical models and numerical procedures that would appropriately treat and solve systems of linear equations where some of the system's parameters are proposed as fuzzy numbers is very important in fuzzy set theory. for this reason, many researchers have used various numerical methods to solve fuzzy linear systems. in this paper, we define the concepts of midpoint a...

this paper is concerned with the development of a novel classifier for automatic mass detection of mammograms, based on contourlet feature extraction in conjunction with statistical and fuzzy classifiers. in this method, mammograms are segmented into regions of interest (roi) in order to extract features including geometrical and contourlet coefficients. the extracted features benefit from...

background in spite of dozens of clinical trials to establish effective therapeutic and/or preventive vaccine to resolve hcv infection, no real vaccine has been proved to date. genetic vaccines based on replication-defective adenoviruses have proved to elicit strong and long lasting t-cell responses against a number of viral antigens and are even currently being used for vaccine trials in human...