Ultrafast spin transfer torque (STT) switching in an in-plane MgO magnetic tunnel junction with 50 nm × 150 nm elliptical shape was demonstrated in this paper. Switching speeds as short as 165 ps and 190 ps at 50% and 98% switching probabilities, respectively, were observed without external field assistance in a thermally stable junction with a 101% tunnelling magnetoresistance ratio. The minim...

We have experimentally and theoretically studied the scheme of all-optical switching based on stored light pulses. In the scheme, a probe pulse is stored in the medium by the effect of electromagnetically induced transparency and a switching pulse is applied during the storage in order to turn off the probe transmission in the retrieval process. Our study takes into account the attenuation of t...

In this paper, various novel pulse width modulation techniques are proposed, which can minimize the total harmonic distortion and enhances the output voltages from five level inverter to multilevel topologies. Multilevel inverters are important for power electronics applications such as flexible ac transmission systems, renewable energy sources, uninterruptible power supplies and active power f...

This paper combines quasi-Z-source into a typical five-level inverter, which includes two dc voltage sources, two quasi-Z-sources and five switching devices. In this structure, the output voltage amplitude is not limited to dc voltage source and it can be increased by quasi-Z-source. Besides, due to nature of Z-source families, this new structure is reliable and higher efficiency. Also, in this...

This letter presents a low power CMOS pulse generator based on spectral efficiently gated oscillator for multiband impulse radio ultra-wideband (UWB) system. The pulse generator is based on an on/off switched LC oscillator with the trapezoid switching pulse. By using trapezoid pulse for on/off switching signal of the oscillator, better output spectral characteristic can be achieved without addi...

The torque generated by the transfer of spin angular momentum from a spin-polarized current to a nanoscale ferromagnet can switch the orientation of the nanomagnet much more efficiently than a current-generated magnetic field and is therefore in development for use in next-generation magnetic random access memory MRAM . Up to now, experiments have focused on spin-torque switching driven by simp...

We delineate critical issues for “controlling light with light” in photonic crystal PC waveguides coupled to Kerr-nonlinear microresonators. These arise from a fundamental trade-off between switching speed and switching intensity threshold inherent in high-quality Q-factor cavities and b the dynamical nonlinear oscillation of such cavities in response to incident light pulses. Using finite-diff...

An optical soliton pulse may be used as a control signal in non-linear optical loop mirror demultiplexers in order to reduce timing-jitter noise and cross-talk. A mathematical model for calculating the width of the soliton switching window and optimizing critical parameters such as walk-off time and pulse width has been presented, and its accuracy is verified by solving the nonlinear Schrodinge...

polarization for au/pb(zr ti )o /yba cu o ferroelectric capacitor has been studied and measured by pulse method. a sequence of pulses with amplitudes varying from 0 to 10 volts in 2 volt steps is applied and a conventional polarization curve is obtained by integrating the charge flow from the polarization switching induced by the voltage ramp. a value of 25?c/cm2 is measured for the saturated p...

We demonstrate fast nonlinear optical switching between two laser pulses with as few as 140 photons of pulse energy by utilizing strong coupling between a single quantum dot (QD) and a photonic crystal cavity. The cavity-QD coupling is modified by a detuned pump pulse, resulting in a modulation of the scattered and transmitted amplitude of a time synchronized probe pulse that is resonant with t...