Many researches have been currently conducted on the effects of fault distance on structures revealing that their seismic response can differ according to their distance from the fault. Suspension bridges due to their long period and high flexibility can be more sensitive to this phenomenon, especially in vertical vibration. Since the engineers tend to use longer spans, the length factor should...

The effect of near-fault ground displacement is a significant factor when structures straddle a fault, because the fault produces both static step-like deformations and dynamic pulse-like ground motions. It has been observed that the static displacements measured up to 10 m and strong ground motion velocity pulses exceed 100 cm/s. As there is no concrete method for the seismic design of near-fa...

Near-fault ground motions are different from ordinary ground motions in that they often contain strong coherent dynamic long period pulses and permanent ground displacements. The dynamic motions are dominated by a large long period pulse of motion that occurs on the horizontal component perpendicular to the strike of the fault, caused by rupture directivity effects. Near fault recordings from r...

earthquake ground-motions show significant variability in both spectral and temporal characteristics. procedures to generalize and predict strong ground motions may be generally divided into three main disciplines: numerical techniques based on a kinematic source description, empirical attenuation models, and semi-empirical stochastic models. numerous studies have shown that, in the near-fault ...

Characteristics of ground motions close to the earthquake source can be considerably different from those of far-field motions which should be considered in design process of structures. The current study aimed to present new design response spectra for Iranian seismic design code taking into account the near-fault effects. For this purpose, a new attenuation relation based on the ground motion...

an attempt has been made to explore the general trends in the seismic response of planasymmetric structures when subjected to near-fault and far-fault ground motions. systems with structural wall elements in both orthogonal directions considering actual and common nonlinear behavior under bi-directional excitation were studied. idealized single-storey models with uni-axial eccentricity were emp...

Pulse period of earthquake records has been known as a key parameter in seismology and earthquake engineering. This paper presents a detailed characterization of this parameter for a special class of earthquake records called pulse-like ground motions. This type of motions often resulting from directivity effects is characterized by a strong pulse in the velocity time history of motion, in norm...

A vector-valued intensity measure (IM) is shown to account for the effects of pulse-like near-fault ground motions. This class of ground motions, which are indicated by the presence of a velocity pulse, can cause large responses in structures and their effects are not well described by traditional intensity measures such as spectral acceleration at the structure’s first-mode period, Sa(T1). It ...

following the 1994 northridge and 1995 kobe earthquakes, most of modern structures damaged seriously or devastated totally despite the seismic codes of these countries that had been expected to bear advanced criteria for seismic design of structures. after extensive research, the most probable reason of those destructions was attributed to special specifications of near-field earthquakes. in th...