BACKGROUND Although subvalvular gradients in patients with aortic stenosis have been described, their behavior and response to exercise have not been well characterized. METHODS AND RESULTS Left ventricular and aortic pressures and linear flow velocity were measured with a catheter-tip manometer at rest and during supine exercise in 27 patients with valvular aortic stenosis. A subvalvular gra...

latively common hereditary syndrome with characteristic facial features and cardiovascular manifestations, with a large variety of clinical features. Congenital heart diseases are present in 50% of cases and congenital pulmonary stenosis, valvular or subvalvular, is the most common. In less than 20% of cases we also observe dysplasia of the lymph vessels. The case we present refers to a young a...

After the Korean War (1950-1953), nearly 6.5% of South Korea's population had active tuberculosis (TB). In response, South Korea implemented the National Tuberculosis Program in 1962. From 1965 to 1995, the prevalence of bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary TB in South Korea decreased from 940 to 219 cases per 100,000 population. Astounding economic growth might have contributed to this result...

Pulmonary resection has evolved as the treatment of choice in certain clinicopathologic entities of pulmonary tuberculosis. However, the precise roles of resective and non-resective therapy will ultimately be determined through analysis of the results obtained by these forms of treatment. Therefore, it seems important to report current experiences in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. The...

OBJECTIVE To determine the time taken for diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary TB and the factors responsible for delay, by studying the level of awareness regarding TB in the patients, and the extent of social stigmatization associated with TB in Punjab (Multan and Sialkot), Pakistan. METHODS It was a hospital based cross-sectional study using a pre-structured questionnaire. The study was do...

Subvalvular aortic stenosis (SAS) is a congenital heart defect that causes fixed form of hemodynamically significant left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction with progressive course. It has a spectrum of anatomy. It appears usually beyond infancy, causes left ventricular hypertrophy and myocardial dysfunction, and tends to involve the aortic and mitral valves in its progressive course....

CONGENITAL valvular aortic stenosis and congenital localized subvalvular aortic stenosis are commonly encountered, easily recognized at operation, and relieved by standard surgical technics. Idiopathic diffuse subvalvular aortic stenosis is uncommon and can be overlooked at operation. Its relief by indirect methods has been proposed by some because of the problems inherent in its exposure in di...