A new species of clearwing moth, Pyrophleps ellawi Skowron Volponi, sp. n., is described from Peninsular Malaysia. Information on the habitat, time and conditions of occurrence, flight and mud-puddling behaviour, functional morphology, and DNA barcode are also provided. Photographs and a supplementary video from the wild demonstrate the postures and behaviour of this species of Pyrophleps, whos...

Smedly & Eisner (1995, 1996) stressed the difficulties that terrestrial herbivores, including Lepidoptera, suffer in order to fulfill their need for sodium, an essential ion plentiful in the seas, but in short supply in plants. Adult Lepidoptera drink from puddles, edges of streams, carrion, and excreta from which they obtain sodium and proteins (Beck et al. 1999). Puddling behavior is typicall...

Minucella gen. n. and two species (M. divaricata sp. n. and M. leucomaculata (Li & Zhang) comb. n.) from southern China are described in the leafhopper subfamily Stegelytrinae. Difficulties in the delimitation of one of the included species, M. leucomaculata and its junior synonym Placidus maculates Li & Zhang, syn. nov., are discussed, and the observed variation is considered to be intraspecif...

Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com non-rice crops in a rotation such as wheat. Therefore, puddling for rice transplanting should be avoided as it has adverse effects on the succeeding upland crops. Unpuddled transplanting is an alternative method for rice establishment which can be adopted to overcome these problems and also to reduce cost of rice production. For this system, the lan...