With over 1,000 species, Pteridaceae comprises approximately 10% of extant fern diversity and is notable for its extreme morphological and ecological disparity. In addition to species-rich and predominantly forest-dwelling genera such as Adiantum and Pteris, the family includes floating, freshwater aquatics (Ceratopteris), mangrove specialists (Acrostichum), obligate epiphytes (Vittaria), and e...

This study was aimed to document the floristic attributes of pteridophytes District Tor Ghar; Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Total 41 species distributed in 20 genera and 10 families were recognized. Dryopteridaceae largest family with 12 (29.26%). Second third large is Pteridaceae Thelypteridaceae (24.39%) 5 (12.19%) respectively. Like-wise, Dryopteris genus 6 (14.63%) species. The main Aspleni...

PREMISE OF THE STUDY Not all ferns grow in moist, shaded habitats; some lineages thrive in exposed, seasonally dry environments. Notholaenids are a clade of xeric-adapted ferns commonly characterized by the presence of a waxy exudate, called farina, on the undersides of their leaves. Although some other lineages of cheilanthoid ferns also have farinose sporophytes, previous studies suggested th...