For 2321 species of shelled gastropods of the northeastern Pacific, the ratio of carnivorous to non-carnivorous species (C/NC ratio), computed for each degree of latitude, reveals striking spatial changes, with tropical and arctic areas characterized by high values and with the midlatitudes having the lowest ratios. This latitudinal trend is markedly different from trends for terrestrial clades...

BACKGROUND We examine the environmental, climatic and geographical controls on tropical ostracod distribution in the marine Ordovician of North America. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Analysis of the inter-regional distribution patterns of Ordovician Laurentian ostracods, focussing particularly on the diverse Late Ordovician Sandbian (ca 461 to 456 Ma) faunas, demonstrates strong endemicity a...

The Early Cretaceous fauna of Victoria, Australia, provides unique data on the composition of high latitude southern hemisphere dinosaurs. We describe and review theropod dinosaur postcranial remains from the Aptian-Albian Otway and Strzelecki groups, based on at least 37 isolated bones, and more than 90 teeth from the Flat Rocks locality. Several specimens of medium- and large-bodied individua...

The presence of Islamism in Muslimistan necessitates a secular age, as only age does it become possible to be for or against Islam due the decentering default organizing premise Muslim societies. Within this fundamental de-Islamization secularization societies, further is made by power’s ability dictate and even produce Islam, which continues perpetually shift meanings secularism accordance wit...