Light-emitting-diodes (LEDs) are a lighting source useful for the precise evaluation of light quality effect on biological systems. Despite importance spectra regeneration land plant protoplasts (“naked cells”), this factor has not been tested yet from multicellular algae. This study reports effects pure primary colors (red, blue, and green), dichromatic (red plus RB, 1 : 2) white LEDs protopla...

Protoplasts represent a unique experimental system for the circulation and formation of genetically modified plants. Here, protoplasts were isolated from hairy root tissues Brassica oleracea L. induced by Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain (ATCC13332). The concentration enzyme solutions utilized protoplast isolation was 1.5 % Cellulase YC 0.1 Pectolyase Y23 in 13% mannitol solution, which resulted...

Protoplasts were isolated from pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Alaska) embryonic axes during and after germination to determine whether the loss of desiccation tolerance in the embryos also occurs in the protoplasts. At all times studied, protoplast survival decreased as water content decreased; however, the sensitivity to dehydration was less when the protoplasts were isolated from embryos that were...

High yields of mesophyll protoplasts were obtained from leaves of corn (Zea mays L., inbred W64A). Many protoplasts survived a week in the dark in a simple osmoticum. Culture filtrate from Helminthosporium maydis race T at dilutions of 1:10,000 to 1:20,000 destroyed protoplasts with Texas male-sterile (T) cytoplasm. Substantial damage to protoplasts with nonmale-sterile (N) cytoplasm occurred o...

The use of in vitro potato shoot cultures for protoplast isolation is desirable for consistent protoplast qualities. Ethylene build-up in the culture vessels causes problems for leaf growth (e.g. decreasing leaf surface, dry weight and chlorophyll) in shoot culture. Fifty to one hundred µM Silver thiosulfate (STS) produced a larger leaf area as a source of plant material for protoplast isolatio...

We previously showed that during protoplast isolation, an oxidative burst occurred and the generation of active oxygen species was differentially mediated in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and grapevine (Vitis vinifera), accompanied by significant quantitative differences (A.K. Papadakis, K.A. Roubelakis-Angelakis [1999] Plant Physiol 127: 197-205). We have now further tested if the expression of ...

Protoplasts isolated from cells of higher plants have provided a new, much heralded, experimental material for cell biologists and physiologists (1, 2). Though the potential of plant protoplasts as a system for genetic research has often been stressed, very little has been written about the kinds of unique genetic questions that can be resolved by the use of protoplasts. This paper describes th...

Transgenic tobacco plants (V123 plants) expressing a set of full-length brome mosaic virus (BMV) genomic RNAs from the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter were produced. The accumulation level of BMV RNAs in V123 plant cells was approximately 1% of that in nontransgenic tobacco protoplasts inoculated with BMV RNAs. The level of BMV RNA in V123 protoplasts did not increase after inoculating th...

Protoplasts are cells without cell walls. In plants protoplasts are usually liberated by tissue digestion with cellulases and pectinases purified from wood-rotting fungi. To keep the plasma membrane from bursting during protoplast isolation, an isotonic or slightly hypertonic medium is used. Because of the lack of external constraints on the membrane, protoplasts are spherical (figure 1B). One ...

The aim of this work was to study the standardization of conditions to obtain and regenerate Epulorhiza repens and Ceratorhiza sp. protoplasts. For E. repens, the largest number of protoplasts (8.0 × 10 protoplasts/mL) was obtained in 0.6 M KCl, using 15 mg/mL of Lysing Enzymes, and 2-day-old fungal mycelium. When 0.5 M sucrose was used as osmotic stabilizer, the highest frequency of regenerati...