In Melendez-Diaz v. Massachusetts, 129 S.Ct. 2527 (2009), the United States Supreme Court resolved a question that had divided the lower courts in the wake of Crawford v. Washington, 541 U.S. 36 (2004). The Melendez-Diaz Court held by a 5-4 vote that forensic laboratory reports are testimonial for purposes of the Confrontation Clause of the Sixth Amendment. Therefore, even if the jurisdiction’s...

During trial, jurors may experience a variety of emotions, many of which are negative. The current study examined the effects the negative emotions anger, fear, and sadness had on jurors’ sentencing decisions and explored whether Cognitive Appraisal Theory or the Intuitive Prosecutor Model could explain these effects. Jurors viewed the sentencing phase of a capital murder trial and were asked t...

Motivation: The quantity of criminal cases year 2009 in Taiwan is up to 1.8 millions, Each prosecutor must handle over 211 cases per month, complaints on over loading is laud and clear. While 70 % of criminal cases are drug Abuse, public danger, larceny and fraud, these types of criminal cases may have different story though, the complexity are relative simple than cases of killing, corruption ...

Next to the three parties of the criminal process traditionally considered, viz. the judge, the prosecutor and the suspect, there is fourth party: the victim. We describe a project we carried out for Dutch Victim Support Organization (DVSO). The project deals with the type of tool that should be developed to assist the volunteers of the DVSO to set the amount of damages to be asked from the sus...

This article defines the principle of adversariality and equality parties to trial in specified Action Strategy, main areas activity prosecutors, participation prosecutor economic process, court first instance, procedure for appeal, conclusion case, appeals cassation protests, work done on expanding prosecutor, statistics ensuring powers proceedings, recent changes additions legislation prosecu...

international criminal court (icc) is created based on an agreement between some countries that theirs final aim is prosecution and punishment of great international crimes. form and process of initiate investigation and prosecution about an international crime is one of important matters in statute of icc and its rules of procedure and evidence. in icc procedural system, regarding internationa...