The traditional method of assessing bone mineral density (BMD; given by bone mineral content [BMC] divided by projected bone area [Ap], BMD = BMC/Ap) has come under strong criticism by various authors. Their criticism being that the projected bone "area" (Ap) will systematically underestimate the skeletal bone "volume" of taller subjects. To reduce the confounding effects of bone size, an alter...

The area covered by a three-dimensional bounding box after projection onto the screen is relevant for view-dependent algorithms in real-time and photorealistic rendering. We describe a fast method to compute the accurate two-dimensional area of a three-dimensional oriented bounding box, and show how it can be computed equally fast or faster than its approximation with a two-dimensional bounding...

In order to design and manufacturing some postharvest equipment, determination of some hydrodynamic properties of crops are necessary. The quality of products in global and local markets can be increased by applying these properties and receive economical benefits. For these purpose, two local varieties of apples in the East Azerbaijan province, Iran(Asheghi and Gare Yapraq)were selected.Ashegh...

In order to design and manufacturing some postharvest equipment, determination of some hydrodynamic properties of crops are necessary. The quality of products in global and local markets can be increased by applying these properties and receive economical benefits. For these purpose, two local varieties of apples in the East Azerbaijan province, Iran(Asheghi and Gare Yapraq)were selected.Ashegh...

The equilibrium and fluctuation methods for determining the surface tension, sigma, and bending modulus, kappa, of a bilayer membrane with a fixed projected area are discussed. In the fluctuation method the elastic coefficients sigma and kappa are measured from the amplitude of thermal fluctuations of the planar membrane, while in the equilibrium method the free energy required to deform the me...

Populations from seven pairs of neoplastic and nonneoplastic cell lines of common origin were compared for evidence of a change in morphotogical parameters accompanying neoplastic transformation. Projected cytoplasmic area, projected nuclear area, cell dry mass, nuclear dry mass, whole-cell absorption at 265 nm, and nuclear absorption at 265 nm were determined. Neoplastic transformation was con...