Tumor immunotherapy is currently a hot research topic in the field of oncology, and an efficacious mode tumor treatment. Programmed cell death receptor PD-1 (PD-1) important immunosuppressive molecule, which mainly expressed activated T B cells. PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors can block binding to PD-L1, negative regulatory signals, restore activity cells, thus enhancing immune response.

objective: breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in women. cisplatin is a traditional cancer drug commonly used in chemotherapy for killing cancer cells. modulation at the mrna levels of apoptotic related genes often correlate with the sensitivity of various types of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents. nanoparticulate drug delivery systems are being developed to effecti...

Early phase clinical trials targeting the programmed death receptor-1/ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) pathway to overcome tumor-mediated immunosuppression have reported promising results for a variety of cancers. This pathway appears to play an important role in the failure of immune reactivity to malignant plasma cells in multiple myeloma patients, as the tumor cells express relatively high levels of PD...