Frugal entrepreneurship (FE) is increasingly considered an important change-maker in emerging markets, serving the unmet market needs of poor. However, we lack understanding who protagonists FE are, their constraints, drivers, and outcomes. Using inductive research approach with multiple cases, build a framework that explains outcomes FE. We identify three types constraints—resource, institutio...

How innovators capture value from innovation is an enduring question. Two decades ago an effort was made in “Profiting rom Innovation” to unlock this conundrum. This paper reflects on the framework offered, identifies and reviews the analytical oundations of the theory, and recognizes subsequent contributions and advancements. Linkages are also made to the strategic anagement literature on “res...

Constructed upon a height (by footing) or breaking in to the ground, in a building, making a close relation between earth and soil is of great importance. In addition, earth as a prior factor in creation of a shade and residence, plays a crucial role in architecture history. Throughout the different area, earth is paid attention differently: as a source of cool (in China), a source of heat (Cap...