the traditional economic production quantity (epq) model assumes that during the production process no imperfect item is produced. but in the real production system, due to imperfect production process or other factors, imperfect quality items may be produced. furthermore, it is well-known that the total production-inventory costs can be reduced by reworking the imperfect quality items produced...

We study a standard duopoly model of simultaneous divisionalization and Cournot competition, assuming that firms have different marginal costs divisions are costless. obtain in equilibrium only the efficient firm active because price is equal to cost inefficient firm. In sequential case, however, this “entry-deterrence” strategy profitable for when its advantage important enough. So our setting...

conclusions accidents resulting in death, total disability, and partial disability impose a huge cost burden on society, whereas the employer will bear a relatively low cost. this is because of society’s health, treatment, and welfare systems available for treatment and rehabilitation of injured employees and their families. background occupational accidents represent one of the major problems ...

Aggregate production planning (APP) is one of the most important issues carried out in manufacturing environments which seeks efficient planning, scheduling and coordination of all production activities that optimizes the company's objectives. In this paper, we develop a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model for an integrated aggregate production planning system with closed loop supply ...

Determining production rate considering costs and revenues in order to maximize profit is one of the applied problems in small and medium size factories. Mostly existing models in production planning consider production system statically and specify production rate, although the factors determining production rate include many different changes in practice. In fact, by increasing the production...

aggregate production planning (app) is one of the most important issues carried out in manufacturing environments which seeks efficient planning, scheduling and coordination of all production activities that optimizes the company's objectives. in this paper, we develop a mixed integer linear programming (milp) model for an integrated aggregate production planning system with closed loop su...

Economic units can benefit from the cleaner production strategy, which aims to reduce environmental impact of economic activities while improving efficiency and profitability. Accordingly, aim research was clarify knowledge foundations costs indicate their role in reducing poor quality (the failure). A set conclusions has been reached, most important is that achieved a reduction external failur...