We have previously shown that patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) have significantly elevated plasma levels of antibody to GM3 ganglioside compared to patients with relapsing-remitting MS, healthy subjects and patients with other neurological diseases. Anti-GM3 antibody levels were elevated also in patients with secondary progressive MS but to a lesser extent than in prima...

Primary progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) differs from the more common form of MS which has an initial relapsing-remitting course in a number of ways, including pathological features, clinical course, differential diagnosis and response to treatment. The lesions in primary progressive MS tend to be more diffuse, less inflammatory and less likely to remyelinate than those occurring in relapsin...

As one of the most common neurological disabilities in young adults, Multiple sclerosis (MS) has characteristics of inflammation, demyelination, neuro-axonal damage, and progressive prolonged disability. The disease is clinically divided into three general categories according to response to treatment: Relapsing-Remitting MS (RRMS), Primary Progressive MS (PPMS) and Secondary Progressive MS (SP...

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease caused by damage to the myelin of the nerve cells in the spinal cord and brain, MS was classified into 4 types including: Relasping/remitting (RR) primary/progressive (PP), secondary/progressive (SP), progressive/relapsing (PR). PR MS is one of the severe forms of MS that lead to inflammation associated physical, mental and vision dysfunction. Because...

Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is the most common chronic inflammatory disease of the white matter of the Central Nervous System (CNS). Proinflammatory cytokine network such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) has a role in the initiation of a destructive immune response in CNS and the progression of the disease. This study aimed to evaluate the comparative levels of IL-6 and IL-8 in MS patients and h...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Potential differences between primary progressive and relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis are the subject of ongoing controversial discussions. The aim of this work was to determine whether and how primary-progressive and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis subtypes differ regarding conventional MR imaging parameters, cerebral iron deposits, and their association wi...

multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease caused by damage to the myelin of the nerve cells in the spinal cord and brain, ms was classified into 4 types including: relasping/remitting (rr) primary/progressive (pp), secondary/progressive (sp), progressive/relapsing (pr). pr ms is one of the severe forms of ms that lead to inflammation associated physical, mental and vision dysfunction. because...

In 80% of all MS cases, patients suffer from relapsingremitting (RR) MS, which have clearly defined periods of neurological deficits followed by (partial) recovery [1]. In those RRMS patients, 65% of the disease cases gradually evolves into secondary progressive (SP) MS, with progressive permanent neurological deficits. In 20% of all MS cases, patients have a progressive disease course from ons...