OBJECTIVE To explore evidence on the links between patient experience and clinical safety and effectiveness outcomes. DESIGN Systematic review. SETTING A wide range of settings within primary and secondary care including hospitals and primary care centres. PARTICIPANTS A wide range of demographic groups and age groups. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES A broad range of patient safe...

background and objectives: informal payment in the health settings is a significant challenge facing the health system, with consequences such as inequity in access to healthcare services, distrust to health care system, and dissatisfied customers. detailed identification of the nature of the problem is perquisite to developing relevant overcoming strategies. given that, this study aimed at pro...

When the Japanese government adopted Western medicine in the late nineteenth century, it left intact the infrastructure of primary care by giving licenses to the existing practitioners and by initially setting the hurdle for entry into medical school low. Public financing of hospitals was kept minimal so that almost all of their revenue came from patient charges. When social health insurance (S...