1. A mucocele of the lacrimal sac, or 2. Chronic dacryocystitis or conjunctivitis due to lacrimal sac obstruction, or 3. Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction that cannot be cured by probing (members should be over 1 year of age), or 4. Epiphora (excessive tearing) due to acquired obstruction within the nasolacrimal sac and duct, or 5. Lacrimal sac infection that must be relieved before intr...

Aims and Objectives: To compare the success rates of non endoscopic endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy and conventional external dacryocystorhinostomy for the surgical management of primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Materials and methods: A retrospective, nonrandomized, comparative interventional case series of 302 patients who underwent either endonasal or external dacryocystorhinos...

purpose: to compare success rates of external dacryocystorhinostomy (dcr) with and without bicanalicular silicone intubation for management of primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction. methods: in a randomized clinical trial study, 52 patients with primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction underwent external dcr. patients were randomly enrolled into two groups. in the 1st group, exte...

Observation is a simple and reliable tool with the clinician. The level of tears, position of puncta, lids and eyelashes should be noted. Obstruction of the tear drainage system can be acquired or congenital, it is important to rule out acquired causes of tearing such as corneal, lid or lash abnormalities. Lacrimal obstruction problems can be divided as related to upper (puncta to lacrimal sac)...

External dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) is the gold standard surgical technique for the treatment of nasolacrimal duct obstruction (1). Since its introduction by Gibbs in 1967, intubation with silicone tubes has been widely used in lacrimal duct surgery (2). However, effect of silicone intubation on patency of lacrimal system during external DCR in cases of primary nasolacrimal duct obstruction (N...

purpose: to determine long-term outcomes of probing in adult patients with nasolacrimal duct (nld) obstruction. methods: patients older than 20 years admitted in labaffinejad hospital with complete nasolacrimal duct obstruction were studied. the selected patients underwent probing under local anesthesia and cases with successful nld probing enrolled the study. patients were examined during the ...