This paper aims to explore the role of spillovers in the strategic choice for a MNE in a duopoly model, especially focusing on endogenous FDI spillovers with spillover-prevention costs. After discussing the exogenous spillover case, this paper shows that with a quadratic spillover-prevention cost function, the FDI-performing firm may choose a positive level of spillovers, which is lower than th...

Data on caries increments and costs of prevention programs are presented as background information for participants in the workshop. Estimates of annual caries increments were derived from control groups in clinical trials, epidemiologic studies, and national surveys. Cost data were obtained from dental public health directors, program administrators, fluoridation engineers, and water plant ope...

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Drug-related problems (DRPs) constitute a frequent safety issue among hospitalised patients leading to patient harm and increased healthcare costs. Because many DRPs are preventable, the specific risk factors that facilitate their occurrence are of considerable interest. The objective of our study was to assess risk factors for the occurrence of DRPs with the intenti...

OBJECTIVES The incidence and survival rate of colorectal cancer in Korea are increasing because of improved screening, treatment technologies, and lifestyle changes. In this aging population, increases in economic cost result. This study was conducted to estimate the economic burden of colorectal cancer utilizing claims data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. METHODS Eco...

For many years physicians and other medical providers in the United States have been subject to a negligence rule of liability. Under a negligence rule, patients who suffer an adverse outcome are entitled to compensation if they can show that they incurred an injury that was caused by the physician's failure to take due care, defined as departure from the customary standard of care of physician...

BACKGROUND Serious mental illnesses are associated with increased risk of cardiometabolic comorbidities. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of cardiometabolic comorbidity and its association with hospitalization outcomes and costs among inpatients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. METHODS This retrospective database analysis reviewed patients with an inpatient di...

Millions of people in the U.S. are affected by blood disorders.1 The accumulating epidemiologic evidence for non-malignant blood disorders continues to strengthen its consideration as a national public health priority. Although there is enormous potential for public health practice to reduce the disease burden and associated healthcare costs, the fiscal resources with which to do so are decreas...

Diabetes mellitus is an epidemic of our time. This disease affects nearly 150 million adults worldwide and nearly 11 million in the United States in 2000. Because of the prevalence of obesity and diabetes and associated vascular complications, preventing even a small proportion of cases would save thousands of lives and billions of dollars in healthcare costs and lost productivity. Researchers ...

OBJECTIVE To develop a model to determine resource costs and health benefits of implementing guidelines for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in primary care. DESIGN Modelling of data from six strategies for prevention of cardiovascular disease. Strategies incorporated two ways of identifying patients for assessment: traditional (assessment of all adults) and novel (preselection of pat...