When steady state pressure-flow relations are studied in the circumflex coronary artery, pressure gradients develop between it and other branches of the left coronary artery. To assess the effects of these pressure gradients, we compared the pressure axis intercept and shape of steady state circumflex pressure-flow relations in the presence and absence of gradients after autoregulation was abol...

sanctions as a tool to pressure and coercion in promotion of foreign policy goals in mind and its literature has been introduced as one of the most arguable and non-definitive literature on international relations. according to the available space on domestic and international sanctions against iran, this study has tried some of these new approaches and perspectives in relation to the efficienc...

We studied isolated cat trabecula under conditions closely resembling those present for muscle fibers in the left ventricular wall. The purpose of the study was to see if muscle contraction under those circumstances could be described by a time-varying compliance as reported for intact canine left ventricle. We found the time of the end of systole to depend on the history of contraction. This t...

The propagation of the arterial pressure and flow pulses through the vas-cular beds is characterized by marked changes in shape and magnitude. In order to understand better the mechanisms which account for these changes, instantaneous pressures and flows were measured simultaneously at various sites in the arterial tree of 12 anesthetized dogs, using Statham strain gauges and electromagnetic fl...

The relations between 24 hour urinary electrolyte excretion and blood pressure were studied in 10,079 men and women aged 20-59 sampled from 52 centres around the world based on a highly standardised protocol with central training of observers, a central laboratory, and extensive quality control. Relations between electrolyte excretion and blood pressure were studied in individual subjects withi...

The concept of alliance or preferably ‘alignment’, as I shall explain below – is central to the conduct of international politics, and thus the discipline of International Relations (IR). Duffield et al. (2008: 291) identify that ‘Alliances are one of the most significant phenomena in security studies and world politics more generally’, while Modelski (1963: 773) considers them ‘one of a dozen ...

In this article I locate some of the fundamental problems of self-determination within the context of an evolving international society. First, I argue that one particular manifestation of self-determination, that of national self-determination, is both a solution to the enduring problem of territorial legitimation in international relations as well as the source of subsequent challenges to ter...

Left ventricular end-systolic pressure-wall thickness and pressure-segment length relations have been used to assess regional myocardial contractility. The purpose of these studies was to determine whether the method of afterload alteration, coronary perfusion pressure, and the definition of end systole affected regional end-systolic relations. In paced open-chest pig hearts (n = 10), left vent...

Historically, issues of gender, race and the environment have received little attention in mainstream International Relations (IR) scholarship. Great strides have been made, however, in interrogating the inadequacies of the field in these areas and, similarly, in demonstrating the necessity of expanded definitions of security and violence in IR. Despite these strides, mainstream environmental s...

The concept of an incremental elastic modulus is applied in the quantification of passive elastic stiffness-stress relations of intact heart muscle, and a transmural pressure-volume relation for the left ventricle is subsequently derived in terms of geometry, muscle elasticity, and external pressures to assess their importance. Physiological and clinical applications of this method indicate tha...