Background. The incidence of premenopausal breast cancer is rising throughout South Asia. Our objective was to determine the role of risk factors associated with Westernization for premenopausal breast cancer in Bangladesh. Methods. We conducted a matched case-control study between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2010, at four hospitals in Bangladesh. Cases were premenopausal women diagnosed ...

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among Malaysian women. This study aimed to determine the reproductive for premenopausal breast cancer risk in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. A case-control study was conducted in 216 histopathologically confirmed cases of premenopausal breast cancer and 216 community-based controls that were matched by age within a 5-year period and ethnicity. The results of thi...

OBJECTIVE Homeobox genes are transcriptional regulators that orchestrate embryonic development. The HOXA13 gene is responsible for the development of the vagina and regulates extracellular matrix constituents. We hypothesized that vaginal expression of HOXA13 may be decreased in women with pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and sought to determine if hypoestrogenism affects its expression. METHODS B...

BACKGROUND As women go through menopause, serum estrogen decreases and ferritin increases. Decreased serum estrogen is well known to cause detrimental effects on bone health; however, data on the associations of serum ferritin with BMD before and after menopause are still lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between serum ferritin levels and BMD in premenopausal a...

BACKGROUND Findings from observational studies suggest an inverse association between lactation and premenopausal breast cancer risk, but results are inconsistent, and data from large prospective cohort studies are lacking. METHODS We used information from 60,075 parous women participating in the prospective cohort study of the Nurses' Health Study II from 1997 to 2005. Our primary outcome wa...

We evaluated whether our previous reports of increased postmenopausal breast cancer risk with higher body mass index (BMI) or of reduced premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer risk with higher physical activity levels varied according to the tumor's estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) status. Participants enrolled in either of two population-based case-control studies ...

The changes in some serum and urine biochemical parameters in Escherichia coli infected premenopausal and postmenopausal patients were studied. Blood specimens as well as early morning midstream urine specimens were collected from forty premenopausal patients aged 13-15 years, forty postmenopausal patients aged 45-60 years and twenty control subjects with no evidence of Escherichia coli infecti...

background: the effect of high‑legume hypocaloric diet on metabolic features in women is unclear. this study provided an opportunity to find effects of high‑legume diet on metabolic features in women who consumed high legumes at pre‑study period. methods: in this randomized controlled trial after 2 weeks of a run‑in period on an isocaloric diet, 42 premenopausal women with central obesity were ...

background: polycystic ovary syndrome (pcos) is a heterogeneous complex genetic disorder characterized by hyperandrogenemia hyperinsulinemia insulin resistance and chronic anovulation. it is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age with an enigmatic pathophysiologic and molecular basis. obesity hyperandrogenism and infertility occur frequently in pcos which mostly have a ...