Uterine secretory proteins protect the uterus and conceptuses against infection, facilitate implantation, control cellular damage resulting from implantation, and supply pre-implantation embryos with nutrients. Unlike in humans, the early conceptus of the European polecat (Mustela putorius; ferret) grows and develops free in the uterus until implanting at about 12 days after mating. We found th...

a bstract background: non‑medical utilization of pre‑implantation genetic diagnosis (pgd), like sex selection, is increasing, therefore it is necessary to follow‑up the health and outcome of fertilization and newborn’s birth followed pgd. the aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of fertilization after sex selection by pgd and the relation between the age of parents and the outcome of f...

Background: Regulation of gene expression in mammalian embryos is not completely known. Pre-implantation embryos need maternal RNA and proteins synthesized during oogenesis, to regulate development before mater-embryo transition, as the grown oocyte and the 1-cell zygote are transcriptionally silent. There are some oocyte-specific genes called maternal effect genes which may account for this ea...

Cytokinesis and cell division during pre-implantation embryonic development occur as an orchestrated spatiotemporal program. Cleavage, compaction, and blastulation in pre-implantation embryos are essential for successful implantation and pregnancy. Their alteration is associated with chromosomal imbalance and loss of developmental competence. In this study, we evaluated the time of cleavage and...

Background: There always has been a question about the best age for cochlear implantation (CI) in prelingual deaf children. The age factor in the outcome of cochlear implantation in prelingual deaf children has been the subject of many studies. The aim of the present study was to find the effect of age at the time of implantation on hearing threshold of these children. Methods: One hundred and ...

introduction: currently, volunteer forces are among the main members of the healthcare service body, particularly in the treatment sector, and play a key role in healthcare and treatment services. since efficient human resources are the greatest and most important assets of all organizations, the organization constantly works to train, retain, and get maximum benefit of these valuable assets. t...

Objective(s): To evaluated the effects of melatonin on early embryo competence and the expression rate of the primary implantation receptors (ErbB1 and ErbB4). Materials and Methods: Two-cell mouse embryos were cultured in 3 groups: simple media, melatonin-treated (10-9 M melatonin) and Luzindole-treated (10-9 M luzindole). Then, the rate of ErbB1 and ErbB4 gene and protein expression, the leve...

BACKGROUND Pre-implantation development is a crucial step in successful implantation and pregnancy in mammals. It has been studied in depth, but mostly in laboratory animal models. Less is known about the regulatory mechanism involved in the pre-implantation development in humans and about the comparative aspects. METHODS Here, we employed the microarray datasets from the public database libr...

in this paper pre-implantation embryo from the viewpoint of civil liability of the medical group, third parties, effect of conditions of contract on change of civil liability and blood money will be discussed. the islamic jurists and lawyers have investigated all of them from the viewpoint of lawfulness and unlawfulness of this case itself, the method of creation and transfer and its jurisprude...