a phase-locked loop (pll) based frequency synthesizer is an important circuit that is used in many applications, especially in communication systems such as ethernet receivers, disk drive read/write channels, digital mobile receivers, high-speed memory interfaces, system clock recovery and wireless communication system. other than requiring good signal purity such as low phase noise and low spu...

 Aims and background: Muscle trigger points are one of the main sites of chronic pain in the musculoskeletal system. The activity of the trigger points of the quadrates lamborum muscles are a very common cause of low back pain. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Physical therapy with and without Positional Release Techniques on the pain, disability and range o...

Introduction: Neck pain is the second common musculoskeletal disorder Clinical trial only by back pain. Despite the high prevalence of neck pain, its treatment is still a major challenge. Neck stabilizer training is a technique designed to improve the internal mechanisms of the spine which causes cervical spine stability and invulnerability. On the other hand, manual treatments are low-costly w...

abstract ion selective electrodes (ises) are electrochemical sensors that respond selectivity to the activity of ionic species. an ion-selective electrode is an electrochemical device that uses a thin selective membrane or film as the recognition element, and is an electrochemical half-cell equivalent to other half-cells of the zeroth (inert metal in a redox electrolyte). in common methods o...

run-out-table (rot) is located between last finishing stand and down coiler in a hot strip mill. as the hot steel strip passes from rot, water jets impact on it from top and bottom and strip temperature decreases approximately from 800-950 °c to 500-750°c. the temperature history that strip experience while passing through rot affects significantly the metallurgical and mechanical properties, s...