Purpose: Psylliumseeds are used in traditional herbal medicine to treat various disorders. Moreover, as a soluble fiber, psyllium has potential to stimulate bacterial growth in digestive system. We aimed to substitute alkali-extractable polysaccharides of psyllium for alginate in beads with second coat of poly-l-lysine to coat Lactobacillus acidophilus. Methods: Beads were prepared using extrus...

Ir-IA is a dominant autosomal gene(s) which regulates the specific antibody response to several antigens, including three branched, multichain, polypeptide antigens, poly-L(Tyr, Glu)-poly-D,L-Ala--poly-L-Lys; poly-L-(His, Glu)-poly-D,L-Ala--poly-L-Lys; and polyL-(Phe,Glu)-poly-D,a-Ala--poly-L-Lys, abbreviated respectively (T,G)-A--L, (H,G)-A--L, and (Phe, G)-A--L (1). 1 The Ir-lA gene is locate...

Fluid shear stress (FSS) induces many forms of responses, including phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in endothelial cells (ECs). We have earlier reported rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) in ECs exposed to FSS. Osmotic changes also induced similar PECAM-1 and ERK phosphorylation with nearly identical kinetics....

Relevance to Muscoloskelatal Conditions Integrin receptors play a structural role in cell adhesion and mediate signal transduction from the extracellular matrix to the cells, thereby modulating gene expression. These functions are crucial in the regulation of bone cell responsiveness to mechanical signals and provide positional information to the cells relative to the extracellular matrix (ECM)...

and Introduction: Nanopores have many biological applications. They can be used as single molecule detectors, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequencing, and potentially be functionalized to simulate lipid bilayers or nuclear pore complexes. However, these nanopores are expensive and time consuming to make using conventional microfabrication techniques. An alternative to these top-down processed na...

siRNA has been widely used to identify gene functions and holds great potential in providing a new class of therapeutics.1 The lack of efficient delivery systems is limiting the full therapeutic potential of siRNA technology and represents a challenging hurdle in this field of therapy. For the purpose of nucleic acid transfer, among other synthetic carrier systems, polycations have been applied...

Stereo transmission electron microscopy of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-embedded rat adrenal medulla reveals the ground cytoplasm of chromaffin cells and preganglionic nerve endings to be a three-dimensional lattice of microtrabeculae that is contiguous with the surface of chromaffm granules and synaptic vesicles and also with the plasma and presynaptic membranes. The microtrabeculae, because of t...

The sensitivity of K ATP channels to high-affinity block by sulfonylureas and to stimulation by K 1 channel openers and MgADP (PCOs) is conferred by the regulatory sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) subunit, whereas ATP inhibits the channel through interaction with the inward rectifier (Kir6.2) subunit. Phosphatidylinositol 4,5bisphosphate (PIP 2 ) profoundly antagonized ATP inhibition of K ATP channe...

The sensitivity of K(ATP) channels to high-affinity block by sulfonylureas and to stimulation by K(+) channel openers and MgADP (PCOs) is conferred by the regulatory sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) subunit, whereas ATP inhibits the channel through interaction with the inward rectifier (Kir6.2) subunit. Phosphatidylinositol 4, 5-bisphosphate (PIP(2)) profoundly antagonized ATP inhibition of K(ATP) c...

We report that integrin-mediated signaling induces a rapid and transient tyrosine phosphorylation of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) 13-receptors in human diploid foreskin AG 1518 fibroblasts. A transient tyrosine phosphorylation of PDGF i3-receptors was evident one and two hours after cells had been plated on collagen type I and fibronectin, as well as on immobilized anti-integrin subuni...