The cost of executive stock options to shareholders has become a focus of attention in ̄nance and accounting. The di±culty is that the value of these options depends on the exercise policies of the executives. Because these options are nontransferable, the usual theory does not apply. We analyze the optimal exercise policy for a utility-maximizing executive and indicate when the policy is chara...

We describe a search problem in which a decision maker (DM) must select several sequentially-encountered options. Each option is described by multiple attributes, and the value of an option is given by a function of its attribute values. However, the attribute values are not known with certainty, and can only be ascertained in a predefined order, at some fixed cost. During the search the DM can...

Many protocols make use of identifiers consisting of constants and other well-known values. Even after a protocol has been defined and deployment has begun, new values may need to be assigned (e.g., a new option type in DHCP). To insure that such quantities have unique values, their assignment must be administered by a central authority. In the Internet, that role is provided by the Internet As...

Learning an optimal policy from a multi-modal reward function is a challenging problem in reinforcement learning (RL). Hierarchical RL (HRL) tackles this problem by learning a hierarchical policy, where multiple option policies are in charge of different strategies corresponding to modes of a reward function and a gating policy selects the best option for a given context. Although HRL has been ...

This specification defines a new mobility option, the IPv4 Traffic Offload Selector option, for Proxy Mobile IPv6. This option can be used by the local mobility anchor and the mobile access gateway for negotiating IPv4 traffic offload policy for a mobility session. Based on the negotiated IPv4 traffic offload policy, a mobile access gateway can selectively offload some of the IPv4 traffic flows...

INTRODUCTION Policies for rationing antiretroviral therapy (ART) have been subject to on-going ethical debates. Introduced in Malawi in 2011, Option B+ prioritized HIV-positive pregnant women for lifelong ART regardless of the underlying state of their immune system, shifting the logic of allocation away from medical eligibility. Despite the rapid expansion of this policy, we know little about ...