Successful isolation, derivation and culturing of human pluripotent stem cells, including human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human induced pluripotent stem (hiPSCs) cells in laboratory scale has opened new horizones for cell therapy applications such as tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, most of the cell therapy protocols using these unique cells require large number of ...

Background and purpose: Spermatogenesis is a well-organized process that is influenced by a variety of factors. Alkaline phosphatase, and Gfra1, Lin28, and Sall4 genes are among the key players in this interconnected process. This study aimed to investigate the expression levels of Gfra1, Lin28, and Sall4 genes in embryonic, spermatogonial, and embryonic stem-like (ES-like) cells in mice. Mate...

Pluripotent stem cells as the cells with a capacity for self-renewal and differentiation into various specificcell types have been highly regarded in regenerative medicine studies. To repair the eye disease damages, thedifferentiation into retinal pigment epithelial cells of pluripotent stem cells has gained great importance inrecent decades because the inappropriate function of these cells is ...

Despite advances in bone tissue engineering, auto grafts from intra-oral or extra-oral donor sites are still the gold standard for treatment of large craniomaxillofacial defects. Biomaterial development, application of growth factor, and stem cells, open new gateway to bone regeneration studies, but real translation from bench to bedside have not yet happened. In this review article, a number o...

Introduction: Amniotic fluid contains a mixture of different cell types sloughed from the fetal skin, respiratory, alimentary and urogenital tracts, as well as the amnion membrane. As amniotic fluid develops prior to the process of gastrulation, many cells found in its heterogeneous population do not undergo lineage specialization. Therefore, amniotic fluid-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AF-MS...