Rhaetian strata from the Nayband Formation of the Tabas block, East- Central Iran, were studied palynologically. The materialexamined contained moderately diverse and well-preserved dinoflagellate cyst assemblages which lead to the identification ofRhaetogonyaulax rhaetica Zone. The assigned age of this dinozone (Rhaetian) is justified by plant fossils such as Equisetitesarenaceus, Scytophyllum...

DNA sequence analysis and genetic mapping of loci from mating-type-specific chromosomes of the smut fungus Microbotryum violaceum demonstrated that the nonrecombining mating-type-specific region in this species comprises approximately 25% ( approximately 1 Mb) of the chromosome length. Divergence between homologous mating-type-linked genes in this region varies between 0 and 8.6%, resembling th...

This study aims to determine the Importance Value Index (INP), Vegetation Diversity Index, and abiotic factors in herbal strata Bukit Gatan, Musi Rawas Regency. Determination of Herbs Strata Gatan Regency using point intercept method, which uses touch rods that are below line. research was made into 3 areas, namely area A (1-10 stands), B stands) C then data were analyzed descriptively quantita...

Due to its unique environmental and geological traits, Poyang Lake Nature Reserve in China was chosen for studying the characteristics of a Potamogeton community. The results were as follows: (1) two emergent and four submerged macrophytes were identified in the Potamogeton malaianus community, in which four growth forms (herbids, magnopotamids, parvopotamids, vallisneriids) were classified. Po...

The Lowland Forest is one of the most disturbed and fragile ecosystems in the Atlantic Forest biome, yet little is known regarding its successional trajectory and resilience. We evaluated changes in species assemblages and forest structure of the canopy and understory along a successional gradient (young 21-yrs old forest, immature 34-yrs old forest and late successional 59-yrs old forest) aimi...

Despite the increasing importance of functional traits for the study of plant ecology, we do not know how variation in a given trait changes across ecological scales, which prevents us from assessing potential scale-dependent aspects of trait variation. To address this deficiency, we partitioned the variance in two key functional traits (leaf mass area and leaf dry matter content) across six ne...

An important element in developing a management strategy for a new pest is the study of its seasonal dynamics and within-plant distribution. Here, we studied the mite Calacarus flagelliseta Fletchmann, De Moraes & Barbosa on papaya, Papaya carica L. (Caricaceae), in Hawaii to quantify 1) patterns of seasonal abundance, 2) its distribution across different vertical strata of the papaya canopy, a...

The use of ceptometers and digital hemispherical photographs to estimate Plant Area Index (PAI) often include biases and errors from instrument positioning, orientation and data analysis. As an alternative to these methods, we used an In-Situ Monitoring LiDAR system that provides indirect measures of PAI and Plant Area Volume Density (PAVD) at a fixed angle, based on optimized principles and al...

The main source of seed filling results from the photosynthesis green tissue closest to sinks in capitula. To evaluate role different leaf strata and capitula yield its components Safflower genotypes, a field study was performed as factorial experiment based on RCBD 3 replicates East Azarbaijan Agricultural Natural Resources Research Education Center 2008. used factors this were: two genotypes ...