There is accumulating evidence from different methodological approaches that the placebo effect is a neurobiological phenomenon. Behavioral, psychophysiological, and neuroimaging results have largely contributed to accepting the placebo response as real. A major aspect of recent and future advances in placebo research is to demonstrate linkages between behavior, brain, and bodily responses. Thi...

The placebo effect is a fascinating and complex phenomenon, and may well account for much of the effectiveness of many medical therapies, such as pain medications and antidepressants. While health professionals have long debated the role that placebos may play in health care, the counselling profession has devoted less attention to the placebo effect in counselling, despite claims that it may a...

Pharmacologic studies in hypertension often describe blood pressure (BP) reductions in placebo control groups. This placebo effect is currently debated, as it seems to be related to BP measurement methods and as a regression to the mean phenomenon may lead to misinterpretation. Furthermore, data on pulse pressure are lacking. This study was designed to evaluate the placebo effect on BP and to d...

BACKGROUND Calcium channel blockers are the most commonly prescribed drugs for people with primary Raynaud's phenomenon. Primary Raynaud's phenomenon is a common condition characterised by an exaggerated vasospastic response to cold or emotion: classically the digits (fingers and toes) turn white, then blue, then red. This is an update of the review first published in 2014. OBJECTIVES To asse...

background: clinical trial is the standard method to assess efficacy of a medical intervention. because of its experimental nature, meaning that subjects are exposed to an intervention with uncertain outcome and according to historical evidences of criminal researches, clinical trial is of something of a lightning rod for ethical concerns. ethical issues surrounding clinical trials are very per...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW In the last two decades, some of the neuroanatomical and neurophysiological substrates of the placebo effect have been elucidated. What has emerged is the multifactorial nature of the placebo effect, such that there is not a single placebo effect but many. Here we report on recent advances in our understanding of this phenomenon, with particular emphasis on its use as an exper...

The potential of placebo treatments to alleviate a variety of medical conditions has long been recognised. Although the placebo effect is widely known, the physiological mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are not well understood. This review focuses on the existing evidence for placebo responses in different neurological conditions, including pain, Parkinson's disease, depression, sleep and ...

background and aim: probing is the only reliable method for diagnosing periodontal diseases; however, it is a painful examination. the purpose of this study was evaluation of the effect of emla anesthetic gel on the level of pain upon probing in patients with chronic periodontitis referring to the periodontology department of the dental branch of islamic azad university of tehran during 2013-20...

OBJECTIVE To compare the long term effects of short term intravenous infusions of iloprost with those of oral nifedipine in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon associated with systemic sclerosis. DESIGN Double blind, placebo controlled, randomised group comparison. SETTING Dermatology outpatient clinic. PATIENTS Twenty three patients with Raynaud's phenomenon associated with well documente...