there are several conflicting evidences showing the effect of morphine on learning and memory processes. in the present study the effect of chronic morphine administration on passive avoidance, active avoidance and spatial learning and memory of morphine dependent male rats using passive avoidance shuttle box and morris water maze tasks were investigated, respectively. male rats received morphi...

conclusions according to the results of this study, administration of vitamin e to rats counteracts the negative effects of pb on learning and memory. to more precisely extrapolate these findings to humans, future clinical studies are warranted. results the results showed that pb caused impairment in acquisition and retrieval processes in passive avoidance learning. vitamin e reversed learning ...

Hippocampal activity is thought to encode spatial representations in a distributed associative network. This idea predicts that partial hippocampal lesions would spare acquisition and impair retrieval of a place response as long as enough connections remained intact to encode associations. Water maze experiments supported the predictions, but the prediction of impaired retrieval was not support...

introduction: learning and memory deficits in some diseases are new subjects of research. bupropion, as dopamine and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor and an antidepressant agent, has been previously shown to affect learning and memory processes. this study was designed to test the effect of intra-hippocompal bupropion injection on active avoidance learning task in rats. methods: adult male wist...

Spatial navigation comprises a widely-studied complex of animal behaviors. Its study offers many methodological advantages over other approaches, enabling assessment of a variety of experimental questions and the possibility to compare the results across different species. Spatial navigation in laboratory animals is often considered a model of higher human cognitive functions including declarat...

purpose previous studies have shown that physical activity improves learning and memory. present study was performed to determine the effects of short term and long term treadmill exercise on learning, memory consolidation and retrieval of passive avoidance learning in an animal model. methods in this study fifty male wistar rats with 3-4 months of age were randomly divided into five groups (n=...

background: it has been reported that epilepsy is a disorder of the central nervous system that causes memory impairment. this study examines the role of the aqueous extract of boswellia on the learning disability of the pentylenetetrazol (ptz)‑induced kindled rats. methods: in this experimental study, 64 male rats were used. kindling seizures were induced by three injections of 25 mg/kg of ptz...