Social bacterial interactions are considered essential in numerous infectious diseases, particularly in wounds. Foot ulcers are a common complication in diabetic patients and these ulcers become frequently infected. This infection is usually polymicrobial promoting cell-to-cell communications. Staphylococcus aureus is the most prevalent pathogen isolated. Its association with Helcococcus kunzii...

BACKGROUND Opioid analgesics are commonly added to epidural local anesthetics to improve analgesia during surgery. OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to evaluate the maternal and neonatal effects of adding different doses of tramadol to 2% lidocaine in the epidural anesthesia for cesarean section. PATIENTS AND METHODS Ninety pregnant patients who were candidates for cesarean section unde...

Mortality of German cockroaches, Blattella germanica (L.), caused by Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin strain AC-1 alone and in combination with different formulations of boric acid, was evaluated in laboratory bioassays. Topical application of M. anisopliae alone (8.96 10 conidia/m) required 28 days to cause >92% cockroach mortality (LT50 10 days). In contrast, in combination with ...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) play main role in the transmission of different forms of leishmaniasis in the world. Phlebotomus papatasi is the main vector of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) in Iran. There are several control measures for vector control using different classes of insecticides. The aim of this study was to breed the sandflies which w...

BACKGROUND During recent years transmission of Dirofilaria immitis (dog heart worm) by Culex pipiens and West Nile virus have been reported from Iran. The present study was preformed for evaluating the susceptibility status of Cx. pipiens collected from capital city of Tehran, Iran. METHODS Four Insecticides including: DDT 4%, Lambdacyhalothrin 0.05%, Deltamethrin 0.05% and Cyfluthrin 0.15 % ...

BACKGROUND According to the national strategy plan on monitoring of insecticides resistance, this study was carried out to determine the base line susceptibility of the Culicidae mosquitoes to the WHO-recommended insecticides in an endemic focus of malaria in southeastern Iran. METHODS Larval collection was carried out by dipping method and adult collection occurred by suction tube from Janua...

High-performance organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) that use phosphorescent and/or thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters are capable of realizing 100 % electron-to-photon conversion. The host materials in these OLEDs play crucial roles determining OLED performance. Carbazole derivatives frequently used as materials, among which 3,3-bis(9H-carbazol-9-yl)biphenyl (mCBP) is often fo...

Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) is a carbapenemase increasingly reported worldwide in Enterobacteriaceae. The aim of this study was to analyze the virulence of several KPC-2-producing K. pneumoniae isolates. The studied strains were (i) five KPC-2 clinical strains from different geographical origins, belonging to different ST-types and possessing plasmids of different incompatibility ...

the influence of leaf pubescence of three wheat cultivars (pishtaz, ghuds and falat) on preference and biological parameters of sipha maydis (passerini) was investigated under greenhouse conditions (25 ± 2 °c, 70 ± 10% rh and 14: 10 h (l: d) photoperiod). the results showed that pishtaz had a greater density of trichomes compared to the other cultivars. in the preference test with whole plant, ...

A model based on the concept of reduction in life expectancy (RLE model) as a result of long term exposure to toxicant has been developed which has normal life expectancy (NLT) as a fixed limiting point for a species. The model is based on the equation (LC50 = a ln(LT50) + b) where a and b are constants. It was evaluated by plotting ln LT50 against LC50 with data on organic toxicants obtained f...