Ground green waste is used as mulch in ornamental landscapes and for tree crops such as avocados. Survival of Armillaria mellea, Phytophthora cinnamomi, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and Tylenchulus semipenetrans was assessed for 8 weeks within unturned piles of either recently ground or partially composted green waste. S. sclerotiorum survived at the pile surface and at 10, 30, and 100 cm within t...

A method of damage identification of piles was established by using vibration characteristics. The approach focused on the application of the element strain energy and sensitive modals. A damage identification equation of piles was deduced using the structural vibration equation. The equation contained three major factors: change rate of element modal strain energy, damage factor of pile, and s...

The aim of the article is to choose algorithms suited for optimal placement of piles in real grillages by performing experimental comparison of different global optimization algorithms. The comparison includes several algorithms: random search, metaheuristics (simulated annealing and genetic algorithm) and local optimization combined with random search. The algorithms are compared using the res...

The interaction between ocean environment and pile structure is so complex that despite considerable laboratory as well as prototype studies estimation of scour depth and its geometry in a generalized and accurate form are still difficult to make. One of the reasons underlying this uncertainty could be the limitation of the statistical curve fitting technique, commonly employed to analyse the c...

majority of models in location literature are based on assumptions such as point demand, absence of competitors, as well as monopoly in location, products, and services. however in real-world applications, these assumptions are not well-matched with reality. in this study, a new mixed integer nonlinear programming model based on weighted goal programming approach is proposed to maximize the cap...

The use of static load testing in optimising design and providing verification of suitability and constructability continues to be unsurpassed in the foundation industry. The utilisation of top load reaction testing appears to be that with which most European engineers are familiar, but a variation on this, which has become just as conventional in some parts of the world, is the use of bi-direc...

abstract: regarding the growing use of distributed generation resources, optimal design of these units is necessary in the power system especially in the distribution network. in this paper, cuckoo optimization algorithm with multiple purposes was used to determine optimal location and size of distributed generation resources. the investigated purposes include reducing line losses, reducing med...

In this paper, numerical analysis of a pile-soil interaction problem is presented considering the parameters influencing the axial load-deformation behavior of the pile embedded in a layered soil medium. The analysis is demonstrated with parametric solutions of a pile with underlain model soil strata under the axial force. An attempt is made to ascertain the extent of influence of elastic prope...

Using a series of model tests, this study investigated the effect of a passive pile on 3D ground deformation around a laterally loaded pile and on that laterally loaded pile's response in sand. The active pile head was subjected to lateral loads, and the passive pile was arranged in front of the active pile. In the model tests, the distance between the two pile centers was set to zero (i.e., a ...