BACKGROUND Good understanding of medication instructions is paramount to a good pharmaceutical care. The aim of our study was to examine the understandability of the selected three most applicable pictograms by participants and their recall after educational mini sessions. MATERIALS AND METHODS First, nine experienced pharmacists selected the three most potentially applicable pictograms. Pict...

INTRODUCTION The United Nations has proposed the Globally Harmonized System (GHS) of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals to make hazard communication more uniform and to improve comprehension. METHOD Two experiments were conducted to test whether the addition of hazard and precautionary pictograms to safety data sheets and product labels would improve the transfer of information to user...

To test general and specific processes of symbol learning, 4- and 5-year-old children learned three kinds of abstract associates for novel objects: words, facts, and pictograms. To test fast mapping (i.e., one-trial learning) and subsequent learning, comprehension was tested after each of four exposures. Production was also tested, as was children's tendency to generalize learned items to new o...

Media ratings serve to inform parents about and protect minors from violent or otherwise harmful media content. Most of these systems use age pictograms and content warning pictograms for entertainment products. An experiment was conducted to investigate whether these pictograms, contrary to their purpose, have an appealing effect on children and adolescents. Compared to prior studies into this...

Abstract. Multiphysics and multiscale–or coupled–systems share one fundamental requirement: Construction of coupling mechanisms to implement complex data exchanges between a system’s constituent models. I have created a graphical schema for describing coupling workflows that is based on a theoretical framework for describing coupled systems. The schema combines an expanded set of traditional fl...

The use of pictograms is discussed considering their information content, graphic complexity and cultural dimension. The resemblance and the illusion theories are highlighted to define pictogram as a salience-based representation system, which communicational efficacy depends upon historical and cultural aspects in their interpretation. Thus, the competence in interpreting pictograms is conside...

Instruction manuals provide important messages about the proper use of a product. They should communicate in such a way that they facilitate users' searches for specific information. Despite the increasing research interest in visual search, there is a lack of empirical knowledge concerning the role of pictograms in search performance during the browsing of a manual's pages. This study investig...

BACKGROUND Pictograms have been shown by many studies to be an effective way of conveying information. An easy-to-understand pictorial description is essential for communication of dietary intake in the computer era. OBJECTIVES We proposed a novel approach that represents textual descriptions of dietary intake into a pictorial representation with the concept of pictograms. The computational i...

OBJECTIVE To assess the understanding and cultural acceptability of the United States Pharmacopeia Dispensing Information (USP-DI) in a group of elderly Brazilians. METHODS The study participants were individuals between 60 and 90 years old, of both sexes, with different levels of education and income. Fifteen of 81 pictograms from the USP-DI were presented to the elderly subjects, individual...

OBJECTIVE To explore whether pictograms could help people understand reflux symptoms. METHODS Gastroenterologists (n = 28), non-GI physicians (n = 30), healthy people without medical education (n = 34), patients with gastrointestinal reflux disease (GERD) (n = 45), and general people (n = 100) were included. Pictograms denoting classic reflux symptoms (sour regurgitation, heartburn, retroster...