[1] We report a newly created highly parallelized global test particle model for resolving the pickup oxygen ion distribution around Mars. The background magnetic and convection electric fields are calculated using a three-dimensional multispecies magnetohydrodynamic model, which includes the effect of the Martian crustal magnetic field. In addition to photo-ionization, charge exchange collisio...

As we progress towards a world where robots play an integral role in society, a critical problem that remains to be solved is the Pickup Team Challenge; that is, dynamically formed heterogeneous robot teams executing coordinated tasks where little information is known a priori about the tasks, the robots, and the environments in which they will operate. Successful solutions to forming pickup te...

Previous research has shown that oocyte cumulus complex (OCC) pickup rate is inhibited in hamsters when oviducts and OCCs are simultaneously exposed to cigarette smoke solutions, independent of any effect on ciliary beat frequency. The purpose of this research was to determine whether smoke solutions caused a change in adhesion between the OCC and infundibulum of the oviduct and to determine wh...

This research addresses robust incident management techniques in distributed environments with autonomous actors. Focusing on applications in operational pickup and delivery transportation planning, the distributed environment consists of a transport network, vehicles controlled by operational agents and pickup and delivery tasks with time-windows. The two main challenges of this research are t...

CONTEXT An increasing number of compact pickup trucks can accommodate restrained rear occupants. Rear seats in these pickup trucks are exempt from regulatory safety testing though their relative safety has not been determined. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the risk of injury to children in compact extended-cab pickup trucks compared with children in other vehicles and to determine if any unique haza...

A printed circuit board (PCB) assembly task requires that a set of components be picked from their respective pickup locations and then be placed at their respective placement locations on the card being assembled. A pick-and-place robot is used for automated assembly of PCB’s. The overall assembly time depends on two different decision variables (i) the pickup locations of the components (in g...

The Traveling Salesman Problem with Pickup and Delivery (TSPPD) is defined on a graph containing pickup and delivery vertices between which there exists a one-toone relationship. The problem consists of determining a minimum cost tour such that each pickup vertex is visited before its corresponding delivery vertex. In this paper, the TSPPD is modeled as an integer linear program and its polyhed...

Uptake of several atmospheric molecules on free ice nanoparticles was investigated. Typical examples were chosen: water, methane, NO(x) species (NO, NO(2)), hydrogen halides (HCl, HBr), and volatile organic compounds (CH(3)OH, CH(3)CH(2)OH). The cross sections for pickup of these molecules on ice nanoparticles (H(2)O)(N) with the mean size of N≈260 (diameter ~2.3 nm) were measured in a molecula...

In 1985, the author found for the first time that an experimental pickup tube with an amorphous selenium photoconductive target exhibits high sensitivity with excellent picture quality because of a continuous and stable avalanche multiplication phenomenon. We named the pickup tube with an amorphous photoconductive target operating in the avalanche-mode “HARP”: High-gain Avalanche Rushing amorph...

The multi-depot pickup and delivery problem with heterogeneous fleet and soft time windows (MDPDPHSTW) requires to find a minimum cost routing for a fleet vehicles with different capacities and based at different depots, satisfying a given set of customers. A customer request is associated with two locations: a source where a certain demand must be picked up and a destination where this demand ...