The Piano Key weir (PKW) is a hydraulically attractive alternative to linear overflow weirs, increasing the unit discharge for similar heads and spillway widths. This advantage allows operating dam reservoirs on an increased level and provides thereby an enhanced retention volume. It is a result of the non-linear nature of PKWs being folded back and forth to make repeating cycles or keys. As PK...

The interest in Piano Key weirs (PKW) was increasing over the past years, both in terms of application and hydraulic research. Several systematic model test series were performed and published so far, originating from different hydraulic laboratories around the world. Therein, the key geometric parameters dominating the hydraulic capacity of PKWs were identified as developed crest length, trans...

In the scope of dam rehabilitation to manage floods increase or storage, Piano Key Weir is a good solution for concrete dams. The efficiency Weirs now well demonstrated through various experimental studies. Until most prototypes close Type A using symmetrical up- and downstream overhangs structural reasons. position influences inlet outlet key slopes cross section as side crest length influence...

The piano key (PK) weir has advanced over the labyrinth to increase discharge capacity. Piano weirs exhibit nonlinear flow behavior and are easy place on existing spillway or newly constructed dam with less base area. Various investigators given equations calculate coefficient for free submerged conditions. study focuses reviewing impacts of PK geometry coefficient, including length height, ups...

Abstract Aeration is the process of increasing dissolved oxygen (DO) content water, which an important water quality parameter for survival aquatic life. In this process, large amounts air bubbles develop; as a result, contact surface area increases, and hence water-air-mass transfer accelerates. There are numerous methods DO concentration in including self-aeration, mechanical aeration, chemic...

Abstract Side weirs are widely used in hydraulic engineering applications. The studies on the subject have been generally focused classical and labyrinth side weirs. However, same is not true for piano key (PKSW) a straight channel. weir (PKW) has high discharge capacity compared with In this study, characteristics of trapezoidal (TPKSW) channels were investigated experimentally. all experiment...