Background: In Radiation Therapy, the sparing of normal tissues can be performed using either multi-leaf collimators or Cerrobend blocks. The current work focuses on the physical characteristics of Cerrobend blocks including attenuation coefficient, effective penumbra width and isodose curves undulation in penumbral regions. Materials and Methods: All measurements were performed using ...

The interaction of light with surfaces results in a number of lighting effects that may serve as valuable visual cues. Previous research on shadows has shown them to be effective in determining the three-dimensional (3-D) layout of a scene, but interreflections have been ignored as cues for spatial layout. Interreflections as well as shadows may help to disambiguate the 3-D layout of objects by...

background: in radiation therapy, the sparing of normal tissues can be performed using either multi-leaf collimators or cerrobend blocks. the current work focuses on the physical characteristics of cerrobend blocks including attenuation coefficient, effective penumbra width and isodose curves undulation in penumbral regions. materials and methods: all measurements were performed using a dual en...