Archetypal pathogenic bacterial strains are often used to elucidate regulatory networks of an entire pathovar, which encompasses multiple lineages and phylogroups. With enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) as a model system, Hazen and colleagues (mSystems 6:e00024-17, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1128/mSystems.00024-17) used 9 isolates representing 8 lineages and 3 phylogroups to find that isol...

ABSTRACT We conducted a comparative analysis of the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics plague pathogen strains from 2.MED4 2.MED1 phylogroups, representing main subspecies medieval Yersinia pestis biovar found in foci Caspian Sea region, which were epidemically active 20th century. evaluated biochemical properties, nutritional requirements, plasmid profiles Y. within phylogroups biovar. d...

One of the main challenges in understanding the composition of fecal microbiota is that it can consist of microbial mixtures originating from different gastrointestinal (GI) segments. Here, we addressed this challenge for broiler chicken feces using a direct 16S rRNA gene-sequencing approach combined with multivariate statistical analyses. Broiler feces were chosen because of easy sampling and ...

Phylogeographic analyses using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have revealed many examples of apparently deep historical subdivisions ('phylogroups') within many vertebrates. It remains unclear whether these phylogroups represent independently evolving, adaptively differentiated lineages or groups that show little functional differentiation and, hence, will merge on contact. Here, we use mtDNA sequen...

Abstract Multidrug resistance due to the production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) is a major problem in human as well veterinary medicine. These strains appear animal and microbiomes can be source infection both healthcare, accordance with One Health theorem. In this study we examined prevalence ESBL-producing bacteria food-producing animals. We collected 100 porcine 114 poultry ...

The current env-based subtyping of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type II (HTLV-II) identifies only two heterogenetic groups, HTLV-IIa and HTLV-IIb. To better understand the genetic diversity and phylogeny of HTLV-II, we examined the most divergent genomic region of HTLV-II, the long terminal repeat, by using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and sequence analysis. Long terminal ...

The genetic diversity of representative members of the Lyssavirus genus (rabies and rabies-related viruses) was evaluated using the gene encoding the transmembrane glycoprotein involved in the virus-host interaction, immunogenicity, and pathogenicity. Phylogenetic analysis distinguished seven genotypes, which could be divided into two major phylogroups having the highest bootstrap values. Phylo...

Distinguishing the historical effects of gene migration and vicariance on contemporary genetic structure is problematic without testable biogeographic hypotheses based on preexisting geological and environmental evidence. The availability of such hypotheses for North America's Sonoran Desert has contributed to our understanding of the effect of historical vicariance and dispersal events on the ...

We analyzed the influence of large rivers on the phylogeography of endemic widespread amphibians along Madagascar's east coast, using as models various species and species complexes of Malagasy reed frogs (Heterixalus spp.) that are specialized to either highland or lowland habitats. We assembled a dense sampling across the full species ranges and used mitochondrial (cob) as well as nuclear (Ra...

Contagious ovine digital dermatitis (CODD) is an important foot disease in sheep, with significant animal welfare and economic implications. It is thought that CODD emerged from bovine digital dermatitis (BDD) via treponemal bacteria. With wildlife species such as elk now suffering a CODD-like disease, it is imperative to clarify these disease etiologies. A large investigation into treponemal a...