Heavy-NP shift occurs when speakers prefer placing lengthy or “heavy” noun phrase direct objects in the clause-final position within a sentence rather than in the post-verbal position. Two experiments were conducted in this study, and their results suggested that having a long noun phrase affected the ordering of constituents (the noun phrase and prepositional phrase) by advanced Iranian EFL le...

pain is a phenomenon experienced more or less by all people during their lives. since sufferers usually use language as the most important human communication tool to inform others about their pains, sentences describing pain and studying them linguistically may reveal some points. in this paper, after a short introduction to the subject and reviewing the literature, we take one of the systemat...

in the theory of phrasal phonology and on the basis of the leveling rule, kahnemuyipour (2003) claims that in the stress representation, the words with? symbols in the intonational phrase level, receive secondary stress. the objective of this article is scrutinizing the intonational evidence for secondary stress in persian. analyzing the data which had secondary stress and were produced by the ...