In vitro metabolism of T-2 toxin with S-9 fraction obtained from livers of phenobarbital-treated pigs and rats in the presence of different esterase inhibitors, including NaF, p-hydroxymercuribenzoate, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, eserine sulfate, diisopropylfluorophosphate, and diethyl p-nitrophenyl phosphate, was studied. The metabolism was completely shifted to the hydroxylation at the C-3...

A 14 year old boy with atypical myasthenia gravis is reported. The interesting features of the case were the onset in first decade with progressive weakness of limb muscles simulating limb girdle myopathy, presence of bilateral symmetrical non fluctuating external ophthalmoplegia with ptosis and the absence of diplopia. Differential response to choline esterase inhibitors was clinically apparen...

Activation of plasma kallikrein arginine esterase activity by kaolin resulted in peak activity at 1 min of incubation and a 50% reduction in activity at 5 min in normal plasma, and 30% reduction in the plasma of patients with hereditary angioneurotic edema who lacked the C1 inactivator. The peak esterolytic activity was inhibited by soybean trypsin inhibitor whereas the 5 min activity was resis...

Exposure of bovine pulmonary-arterial endothelial cells to the oxidant lipid t-butyl hydroperoxide (t-Bu-OOH) increases cell-membrane-associated phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity and stimulates arachidonic acid (AA) release. To test the hypothesis that a membrane-associated serine esterase plays an important role in activating PLA2, the present study was undertaken. In addition to increasing PLA...

Isoline, a major retronecine-type pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA) from the Chinese medicinal herb Ligularia duciformis, was suggested to be the most toxic known PA. Its in vitro metabolism was thus examined in rat and mouse liver microsomes, and its toxicity was compared with that of clivorine and monocrotaline after i.p. injection in mice. Isoline was more rapidly metabolized by both microsomes th...

Alzheimer’s disease still remains as an untreatable neurological disorder with no successful treatment strategy to prevent or cure or reverse the damage. Globally, AD is 5th major cause of death. Over last three decades, accumulating evidence for Alzheimer’s suggest multiple causes, predominantly the gene make up of affected individuals are altered. Affected individuals suffer from severe loss ...

Nitrogen mustards are powerful inhibitors for choline oxidase, acetylcholine esterase, and choline acetylase, half-inhibition of the first enzyme being produced with concentrations around 1 x 10(-6)M; i.e., ten times less than the LD(50) values. Acetylcholine esterase and choline acetylase required higher concentrations. This inhibition seems to be due to the structural similarity of the ethyle...

Alzheimer’s disease still remains as an untreatable neurological disorder with no successful treatment strategy to prevent or cure or reverse the damage. Globally, AD is 5th major cause of death. Over last three decades, accumulating evidence for Alzheimer’s suggest multiple causes, predominantly the gene make up of affected individuals are altered. Affected individuals suffer from severe loss ...