Cross-conjugated bifunctional species including a phosphine, phosphine oxide, phosphine sulfide, phosphonium salt, phosphorus ylide and a gold(I) phosphine complex have been prepared. The photophysical characteristics of the series of compounds have been determined experimentally and are discussed/compared with simpler analogues lacking cross-conjugated branches and rationalized on the basis of...

A series of ruthenium olefin metathesis catalysts of the general structure (H(2)IMes)(PR(3))(Cl)(2)Ru=CHPh (H(2)IMes = 1,3-dimesityl-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene) have been prepared; these complexes are readily accessible in two steps from commercially available (H(2)IMes)(PCy(3))(Cl)(2)Ru=CHPh. Their phosphine dissociation rate constants (k(1)), relative rates of phosphine reassociation, and ...

A variety of phosphine oxides and sulfides can be efficiently converted directly to the corresponding phosphine boranes using oxalyl chloride followed by sodium borohydride. Optically active P-stereogenic phosphine oxides can be converted stereospecifically to phosphine boranes with inversion of configuration by treatment with Meerwein's salt followed by sodium borohydride.

The aim of this study is to identify the biochemical mechanism of phosphine toxicity and resistance, using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism. To date, the precise mode of phosphine action is unclear. In this report, we demonstrate the following dose-dependent actions of phosphine, in vitro: (1) reduction of ferric iron (Fe3+) to ferrous iron (Fe2+), (2) release of iron from horse ferri...

Highly phosphine-resistant populations of Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) have recently been found in Oklahoma grain storage facilities. These Þndings necessitate development of a phosphine resistance management strategy to ensure continued effective use of phosphine. Therefore, we investigated the efÞcacies of tw...

 Inhaled phosphine is absorbed rapidly from the lungs and distributed round the body  Inhaled or ingested zinc, aluminium and magnesium phosphides release phosphine into the respiratory tract and stomach; zinc phosphide can be absorbed intact from the gut  Dermal absorption of phosphine or phosphides is not considered a significant route of exposure  The majority of absorbed phosphine is ex...

Phosphine (hydrogen phosphide, PH3) is the fumigant most widely used to protect stored products from pest infestation. Despite the importance of this chemical, little is known about its mode of action. We have created three phosphine-resistant lines (pre-1, pre-7, pre-33) in the model organism C. elegans, with LC50 values 2, 5, and 9 times greater than the fully susceptible parental strain. Mol...

Phosphine fumigations under superatmospheric oxygen levels (oxygenated phosphine fumigations) were significantly more effective than the fumigations under the normal 20.9% atmospheric oxygen level against western flower thrips [Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande)] adults and larvae, leafminer Liriomyza langei Frick pupae, grape mealybug [Pseudococcus maritimus (Ehrhorn)] eggs, and Indianmeal ...

--Gaseous phosphine was found to inhibit biogas formation during the anaerobic fermentation of swine manure. A logarithmic dose-response correlation was obtained with 50% inhibition at a phosphine concentration of approximately 150 ppm. Anaerobic fermentation of acetate and yeast extract measured by biogas formation were not affected at concentrations up to 1000 ppm. Despite the relative tolera...

Two synthetic strategies for incorporating diiron analogues of [FeFe]-hydrogenases into short peptides via phosphine functional groups are described. First, utilizing the amine side chain of lysine as an anchor, phosphine carboxylic acids can be coupled via amide formation to resin-bound peptides. Second, artificial, phosphine-containing amino acids can be directly incorporated into peptides vi...