We develop a grammar for Urdu in Grammatical Framework (GF). GF is a programming language for defining multilingual grammar applications. GF resource grammar library currently supports 16 languages. These grammars follow an Interlingua approach and consist of morphology and syntax modules that cover a wide range of features of a language. In this paper we explore different syntactic features of...

Pakistan has a population of 140 million speaking more than 56 different languages. Urdu is the lingua franca of these people, as many speak Urdu as a second language, also the national language of Pakistan. Being a developing population, Pakistani people need access to information. Most of the information over the ICT infrastructure is only available in English and only 5-10% of these people a...

English is one of the most widely spoken languages in the world these days. Most of the commercial websites are also being designed in English Language. Modern software engineering trends supports better interfaces for effective Human Computer Interaction (HCI). One of the major HCI requirements is to provide data in human readable format. All people can not get benefits of cyber information wh...

–Machine Translation (MT ) of English text to its Urdu equivalent is a difficult challenge. Lot of attempts has been made, but a few limited solutions are provided till now. We present a direct approach, using an expert system to translate English text into its equivalent Urdu, using The Unicode Standard, Version 4.0 (ISBN 0-321-18578-1) Range: 0600–06FF. The expert system works with a knowledg...

The recognition of cursive script is regarded as a subtle task in optical character recognition due to its varied representation. Every cursive script has different nature and associated challenges. As Urdu is one of cursive language that is derived from Arabic script, that’s why it nearly shares the same challenges and difficulties even more harder. We can categorized Urdu and Arabic language ...

From its advent, computer science is facing language-based problems; as English is considered being the most widely used communication language. Arabic Scripted Languages (ASLs) including Urdu have been considered less in this aspect. To rectify this problem, it is decided to build up the idea of interface designing for Arabic Scripted Language (ASL). All the algorithms and methods are used to ...

There are above 60 million first language speakers of Urdu and above 104 million second language speakers. Lot of knowledge on the internet available/useful to these speakers of Urdu is in English. The contrast in typology of both languages is interesting to study for Statistical Machine Translation. However, there is almost no parallel aligned data available freely for the selected language pa...

Urdu is one of the most widely used languages in the world and there is a need of developing character recognition and word-spotting algorithms, so that Urdu literature can be made easily accessible and searchable to the Urdu reading population. Although there has been a sizeable research for character recognition, very few articles have been published for word-spotting in Urdu language. Unlike...

This paper reports on a first experiment with developing a lexical knowledge resource for Urdu on the basis of Hindi WordNet. Due to the structural similarity of Urdu and Hindi, we can focus on overcoming the differences in the scriptual systems of the two languages by using transliterators. Various natural language processing tools, among them a computational semantics based on the Urdu ParGra...

Schwartz et al. (2011) presented a novel technique for incorporating syntactic knowledge into phrase-based machine translation through incremental syntactic parsing, and presented empirical results on a constrained Urdu-English translation task. The work contained an error in the description of the experimental setup, which was discovered subsequent to publication. After correcting the error, n...