This paper is a brief overview and evaluation of current mathematical/statistical causal models, including the structural equation model (SEM), TETRAD, and the graphical model. The efficacy of these approaches will be discussed in the philosophical context of the Duhem-Quine thesis, realism, simplicity, identifiability (testability), empirical adequacy, and probabilistic causality. The emphasis...

Ancient Chinese philosophy already developed a philosophy of humanitarianism or humanity in the general sense. The concept of "Ren" / "Jen" was indeed a main idea already in Confucianism. It was to my mind Mencius, who was the most explicit, if not even the first, philosopher of what I call concrete humanity. The article takes up Albert Schweitzer's discussion of MengZi's philosophical humanita...