Trans-cinnamic acid and p-coumaric are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of flavonoids widely employed food, flavor pharmaceutical industries. These products can be produced by deamination L-phenylalanine L-tyrosine catalyzed phenylalanine ammonia lyase or tyrosine lyase. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL, EC 4.3.1.5) from Rhodotorula glutinis do not exhibit strong substrate specificity co...

Both phenylalanine ammonia lyase and tyrosine ammonia lyase were detected in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. Wisconsin 38) callus. The enzymes were separated from each other by Sephadex G-200 column chromatography. Increased activity of tyrosine ammonia lyase was observed during culture of tobacco callus under shoot-forming conditions, while activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase increased durin...

Irradiation of previously dark-grown cell suspension cultures from parsley (Petroselinum hortense Hoffm.) with ultraviolet light caused large, concomitant increases in mRNA activities for two characteristic enzymes of phenylpropanoid metabolism, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, and flavanone synthase. The rates of enzyme synthesis both in vitro in a reticulocyte lysate and in vivo were quantitated ...

Divalent Mn ions cause an increase in the level of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in gherkin hypocotyls. With the exception of Mg ions, which had a small effect, no other metal ion has so far been found which could replace the Mn ion in this respect. Invertase and peroxidase were not significantly affected by the Mn treatment. The increase in phenylalanine ammonialyase activity is explained by the...

Aromatic ammonia-lyases catalyze the non-oxidative ammonia elimination from aromatic Lamino-acids, producing α,β-unsaturated compounds. The members of this enzyme family are the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL, EC 4.3.1.24), (Hodgins, 1971) histidine ammonia-lyase (HAL, EC 4.3.1.3) (Givot et al., 1969; Wickner, 1969) and the tyrosine ammonia-lyase (TAL, EC 4.3.1.23) (Kyndt et al., 2002) cataly...

The effect of ethylene on the development of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity in segments excised from the epicotyl apex of pea seedling was studied. Although there was some increase in phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity in segments not treated with ethylene, a marked increase in phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity occurred in ethylene-treated tissues during the incubation. The induction...

Changes in the activities of three enzymes (nitrate reductase, l-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, and a dehydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-oxidase complex) were measured during development of water stress in young maize (Zea mays) plants.l-Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and nitrate reductase activities decreased markedly with water deficits of 10 to 20%. The activities did not reach zero at wate...

1. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.5) was purified to homogeneity from the acetone-dried powders of the mycelial felts of the plant pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani. 2. A useful modification in protamine sulphate treatment to get substantial purification of the enzyme in a single step is described. 3. The purified enzyme shows bisubstrate activity towards L-phenylalanine and L-tyrosin...

Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.5) from parsley is posttranslationally modified by dehydrating its Ser-202 to the catalytically essential dehydroalanine prosthetic group. The codon of Ser-202 was changed to those of alanine and threonine by site-directed mutagenesis. These mutants and the recombinant wild-type enzyme, after treatment with sodium borohydride, were virtually inactive with L...

the effect of salicylic acid (sa) on induction of resistance against root-knot nematode (meloidogyne javanica) and the effect of m. javanica to induce biochemical defense responses in tomato (solanum lycopersicum l.) roots at six-leaf stage were investigated. meanwhile, the effect of different concentrations of sa on mortality of second stage juveniles of m. javanica was examined. changes in th...