Sago palm (Metroxylon sago Rottb.) is one of the carbohydrate-producing crops that has great potential in supporting food security programs. This study aims to determine morphological and genetic diversity based on mat-K gene marker 15 accessions pal have been collected by Research Consortium. research was conducted preparing plant samples, extracting DNA, amplifying DNA with a PCR tools, visua...

In addition to proteins, L-phenylalanine is a versatile precursor for thousands of plant metabolites. Production of phenylalanine-derived compounds is a complex multi-compartmental process using phenylalanine synthesized predominantly in plastids as precursor. The transporter(s) exporting phenylalanine from plastids, however, remains unknown. Here, a gene encoding a Petunia hybrida plastidial c...

The flooding dose method, which is used to measure tissue protein synthesis, assumes equilibration of the isotopic labeling between the aminoacyl-tRNA pool and the tissue and blood free amino acid pools. However, this has not been verified for a phenylalanine tracer in an in vivo study. We determined the specific radioactivity of [3H]phenylalanine in the aminoacyl-tRNA and the tissue and blood ...

Blood levels of the amino acid phenylalanine, as well as of the tryptophan breakdown product kynurenine, are found to be elevated in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected patients. Both essential amino acids, tryptophan and phenylalanine, are important precursor molecules for neurotransmitter biosynthesis. Thus, dysregulated amino acid metabolism may be related to disease-associa...

Enrichment from the easily accessible blood amino acid pool is commonly used as precursor enrichment to calculate rates of muscle protein fractional synthesis in relevant human studies in lieu of the less accessible muscle fluid amino acid pool. However, the accuracy of this approach depends largely on the extent to which there is low discrepancy in free amino acid enrichment between blood and ...

Two tobacco cell lines resistant to p-fluorophenylalanine (PFP) and one resistant to 5-methyltryptophan (5-MT) are compared with wild type cells in their ability to absorb amino acids from the medium. One p-fluorophenylalanine-resistant cell line shows greatly reduced uptake of all amino acids so is resistant to growth inhibition by other amino acid analogs. The impaired absorption is noted wit...

Procedures have been reported for the use of specific bacterial decarboxylases to assay individual amino acids by measurement of the CO2 evolved (1). Since 1 mole of amine is formed for each mole of amino acid decarboxylated, it should also be possible to estimate the amount of amino acid from the quantity of amine formed. When L-phenylalanine is decarboxylated by L-phenylalanine decarboxylase,...

In the previous paper of this series (Gale & Folkes, 1953c) it was shown that incubation of washed suspensions of Staphylococcus aureus (Micrococcus pyogenes var. aureus) with glucose and [14C]glutamic acid resulted in incorporation of the labelled glutamic acid into the protein fraction of the cells. This process occurred in the absence of demonstrable protein synthesis and underwent considera...

INTRODUCTION Evidence behind the recommendations for protein feeding during critical illness is weak. Mechanistic studies are needed to elucidate the effects of amino acid and/or protein supplementation on protein metabolism before larger clinical trials with higher levels of protein feeding are initiated. METHODS We studied the effects of parenteral amino acid supplementation (equivalent to ...

The L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) is an Na(+)-independent neutral amino acid transporter subserving the amino acid transport system L. Because of its broad substrate selectivity, system L has been proposed to be responsible for the permeation of amino acid-related drugs through the plasma membrane. To understand the mechanisms of substrate recognition, we have examined the LAT1-mediate...