b ackground : one of the main mechanisms of resistance to carbapenems is potential of klebsiella pneumoniae to produce k . pneumoniae carbapenemase (kpc). kpc is an important type of carbapenemase, which can hydrolyze carbapenems and other beta-lactam antibiotics. modified hodge test (mht) and  use  of  boronic  acid  as  a  kpc  inhibitor  are  two  types  of  phenotypic methods, which are use...

In this paper we propose a multivariate extension of family-based association tests based on generalized estimating equations. The test can be applied to multiple phenotypes and to phenotypic data obtained in longitudinal studies without making any distributional assumptions for the phenotypic observations. Methods for handling missing phenotypic information are discussed. Further, we compare t...

A fraction of a genetically homogeneous microbial population may survive exposure to stress such as antibiotic treatment. Unlike resistant mutants, cells regrown from such persistent bacteria remain sensitive to the antibiotic. We investigated the persistence of single cells of Escherichia coli with the use of microfluidic devices. Persistence was linked to preexisting heterogeneity in bacteria...

Guidelines recommend that clinical laboratories perform phenotypic tests (nitrocefin-based test and penicillin 10-U [P10] or 1-U [P1] zone edge tests) to detect penicillinase in Staphylococcus aureus isolates. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of blaZ encoding penicillinase and perform various phenotypic tests in S. aureus isolates from Japan. We prospectively collected 200 methicillin-...