1. Definition. A PLL is a feedback system that includes a VCO, phase detector, and low pass filter within its loop. Its purpose is to force the VCO to replicate and track the frequency and phase at the input when in lock. The PLL is a control system allowing one oscillator to track with another. It is possible to have a phase offset between input and output, but when locked, the frequencies mus...

Abstract— This paper presents a novel approach to obtain fast locking PLL by embedding a nonlinear element in the loop of PLL. The nonlinear element has a general parametric Taylor expansion. Using genetic algorithm (GA) we try to optimize the nonlinear element parameters. Embedding optimized nonlinear element in the loop shows enhancements in speed and stability of PLL. To evaluate the perform...

The tracking performance of non-linear amplifier based conventional second order phase locked loop (PLL) and charge pump phase locked loop have been examined numerically by solving the system equations in the presence of lognormal type of fading signal. Some analytical results for non-linear amplifier based conventional phase locked loop and charge pump phase locked loop are also incorporated t...

The aim of this paper is to minimize output phase noise for the pure signal synthesis in the frequency synthesizers. For this purpose, first, an exact mathematical model of phase locked loop (PLL) based frequency synthesizer is described and analyzed. Then, an exact closed-form formula in terms of synthesizer bandwidth and total output phase noise is extracted. Based on this formula, the phase ...

We investigate laser high-order harmonic generation in the presence of interfering light. A relatively weak interfering pulse intersects the primary harmonic-generating laser pulse at the focus. The influence on the harmonic-generation process is studied at near-counterpropagating and at perpendicular angles. The interfering beam creates a standing intensity and phase modulation, which disrupts...

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