PURPOSE The effectiveness of pharmacologic therapy for smoking cessation in adolescent smokers was evaluated. METHODS In this meta-analysis, the medical literature was searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effect of pharmacologic therapy for smoking cessation in smokers age 20 years or younger. The overall effect of pharmacologic therapy was based on the longest f...

The approach to patients with acute pain begins by identifying the underlying cause and a disease-specific treatment. The first-line pharmacologic agent for the symptomatic treatment of mild to moderate pain is acetaminophen or a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). The choice between these two medications depends on the type of pain and patient risk factors for NSAID-related adverse ef...

Background: The Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) has been treated so far by various drugs, such as opioids and non-opioids. There is some concern about NAS babies who receive chemical drug treatment. Some researchers mentioned that shorter pharmacological treatment and less lengthy hospitalization are associated with severa...

Nicotine addiction and dependence is a chronic relapsing disease driven by to nicotine. Proactive treatment for all tobacco users, regardless of their readiness quit, recommended. First-line cessation medications include nicotine replacement therapy, bupropion, varenicline. Comprehensive with behavioral interventions pharmacologic therapy increases success rates smoking cessation. Although ther...

OBJECTIVE To review the evidence on the efficacy and safety of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic therapies for smoking cessation. QUALITY OF EVIDENCE MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched for randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews (level I evidence) pertinent to pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic smoking cessation therapie...

Early diagnosis permits preventive therapy to preempt development of organ damage. In all diagnosed patients, both symptomatic and asymptomatic, pharmacologic therapy is lifelong, and maintenance treatment to prevent copper toxicity is mandatory. Patients with either fulminant hepatic failure or hepatic insufficiency unresponsive to medical therapy should be considered for orthotopic liver tran...