This article summarizes the impact of the pharmacogenetics of drug transporters expressed in the enterohepatic circulation on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs. The role of pharmacogenetics in the function of drug transporter proteins in vitro is now well established and evidence is rapidly accumulating from in vivo pharmacokinetic studies, which suggests that genetic variants ...

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Pharmacogenetics is the study of the genetic basis for variation in drug response. In this broadest sense, pharmacogenetics encompasses pharmacogenomics, which employs tools for surveying the entire genome to assess multigenic determinants of drug response. Until the technical advances in genomics of the last few years, pharmacogenetics proceeded using a forward genetic, phenotype-to-genotype a...

The clinical antipsychotic trial of intervention effectiveness study compared the effectiveness of five antipsychotic medications in 1493 patients with schizophrenia. DNA was available from 750 patients. In this 18-month trial, discontinuation was used as a measure of effectiveness. Findings indicated that discontinuation rates were high with no differences between medications overall. However,...

BACKGROUND Pharmacogenetics has a potential for optimizing drug response and identifying risk of toxicity for patients. Pharmacogenetics knowledge of healthcare professionals and the unmet need for pharmacogenetics education in health training institutions are some of the challenges of integrating pharmacogenetics into routine medical practice. AIM To assess pharmacogenetics knowledge among h...

Drug bioavailability may vary greatly amongst individuals, affecting both efficacy and toxicity: in humans, genetic variations account for a relevant proportion of such variability. In the last decade the use of pharmacogenetics in clinical practice, as a tool to individualize treatment, has shown a different degree of diffusion in various clinical fields. In the field of infectious diseases, s...

Pharmacogenetics is the study of the role of inheritance in variation to drug response. Drug response phenotypes can vary from adverse drug reactions at one end of the spectrum to equally serious lack of the desired effect of drug therapy at the other. Many of the current important examples of pharmacogenetics involve inherited variation in drug metabolism. Sulfate conjugation catalyzed by cyto...

The Industry Pharmacogenomics Working Group has an interest in attaining a better understanding of global requirements for sample collections intended for pharmacogenetics research. To have adequately powered pharmacogenetics studies representative of the clinical trial population, it is important to collect DNA samples from a majority of consenting study participants under many institutional r...

Etanercept, infliximab and adalimumab have shown clinical benefit in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases; however, the outcome of treatment with these tumour-necrosis factor inhibitors remains insufficient in 40–60% of individuals with rheumatoid arthritis. Moreover, their use is accompanied by adverse events and unintentional immune suppression. Pharmacogenetics has the potential to increase...