The binding of peptide antigens to class II histocompatibility glycoproteins can be markedly enhanced at pH values approximating those found in acidic endosomal compartments in antigen-presenting cells (APC). It has been proposed by others that low pH may increase the conformational flexibility of class II, facilitating both the association and dissociation of peptides. Neutralization of pH, as...

In this paper, the study of the dynamics and control of a semibatch wastewater neutralization process in modeling and simulation is presented. The wastewater neutralization process is modeled based on the reaction between a strong basic solution and a strong acidic solution in a semibatch reactor. It is assumed that the wastewater is acidic in nature. The semibatch system chosen here consists o...

We showed recently that short-term increases in stratum corneum (SC) pH are accompanied by minor alterations in permeability barrier homeostasis and SC integrity/cohesion. Since prolonged SC neutralization more closely mirrors clinical situations (i.e., neonatal skin, occupational dermatitis conditions), we assessed here whether sustained elevations of SC pH by long-term application of 1,1,3,3-...

1. The rate of the saponification of iodoacetic acid in sodium hydroxide and alkaline buffer solutions yielding glycollic acid was measured by means of Heyrovský's polarographic method. 2. From the bimolecular velocity constants, increasing with the ionic strength of the solution, the Brönsted factor, F, which characterizes the primary salt effect, was calculated. 3. In the borate buffer soluti...

BACKGROUND Coagulopathy is an important contributor to morbidity and mortality in trauma patients. Acidosis contributes to coagulopathy. Acidosis can be neutralized with intravascular bicarbonate, but it is unclear if the coagulation defect is rapidly reversed. The effects of acidosis and bicarbonate neutralization on coagulation function were investigated in vivo. METHODS Acidosis was induce...