Phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) plays a central role in both the glycolysis and the gluconeogenesis pathways. We present here the complete crystal structure of PGI from Bacillus stearothermophilus at 2.3-A resolution. We show that PGI has cell-motility-stimulating activity on mouse colon cancer cells similar to that of endogenous autocrine motility factor (AMF). PGI can also enhance neurite outg...

We previously showed that endothelin-1 (ET-1) and prostacyclin (PGI(2)) similarly attenuate increases in microvascular permeability induced by platelet-activating factor (PAF). This led us to hypothesize that ET-1 attenuates trans-endothelial fluid flux during PAF through PGI(2) release. We tested this hypothesis in three phases. First, bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells were exposed to ...

Phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI; EC 5.3.1.9) is a ubiquitous cytosolic enzyme essential for glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. PGI is a multifunctional dimeric protein that extracellularly acts as a cytokine [autocrine motility factor (AMF)] eliciting mitogenic, motogenic, and differentiation functions through binding to its cell surface receptor gp78/AMF receptor (AMFR). AMFR contains a seven-trans...

Aging is associated with reduced endothelial function. There is indirect evidence for reduced prostacyclin (PGI(2))-mediated vasodilation with aging, but it is unknown whether this is because of reduced dilation to PGI(2) or altered production. In addition, the contribution of endothelial NO to PGI(2)-mediated dilation is unknown. Using plethysmography to determine forearm blood flow, we studie...

  The paragigantocellularis (PGi) nucleus constitutes a large portion of the ventral pontomedullary reticular formation. Neurons within the PGi have been implicated in a variety of functions including cardiovascular regulation, respiratory control, pain and analgesia. Investigators have demonstrated that electrical stimulation and microinjection of L-glutamate into the PGi produce antinocicepti...

Phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) is one of the glycolytic enzymes and is a multifunctional enzyme that functions in glucose metabolism inside the cell while acting as a cytokine outside the cell, with properties that include autocrine motility factor (AMF) regulating tumor cell motility. Although there are many studies indicating that PGI/AMF has been implicated in progression of metastasis, no d...

In the present study, the effects of formalin as a peripheral noxious stimulus on spontaneously active units of the nucleus reticularis paragigantocellularis (PGi), a narrow region of the ventral pontine reticular formation, was examined in urethane anesthetized rats. Spontaneous discharge of the PGi neurons was variable, ranging from I to 37 spikes per second. Formalin as a chemical irrita...

The duplication of the nuclear gene encoding the cytosolic isozyme of phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI; EC 5.3.1.9) originated within Clarkia, a genus of annual plants native to California. Previous immunological studies showed that species with and without the duplication have the same levels of cytosolic PGI activity (relative to that of the plastid PGI isozyme), as well as similar levels of cyt...

Phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) is a ubiquitous cytosolic enzyme that plays a key role in glycolysis. PGI is also a multifunctional protein that acts in the extracellular milieu as a potent mitogen/cytokine. Increased expression of PGI and its receptor has been found in a wide spectrum of malignancies and is associated with cancer progression and metastasis. In this study, the role of PGI in the...